RF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

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By:Ravinder Kumar (10905188) Vaibhav Verma (10906453) B.Tech CSE 11

INTRODUCTION
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks. Developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS(General Packet Radio services). Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution). The GSM standard is more improved after the development of third generation (3G) UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards. "GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association.

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GSM system

Uplink/ MHz

Downlink/ MHz Bandwidth/ MHz Duplex interval/Number MHz duplex channel

of

GSM900

890 ~ 915

935 ~ 960

2 25

45

124

GSM900E

880 ~ 890

925 ~ 935

2 35

45

174

GSM1800

1710 ~ 1785

1805 ~ 1880

2 75

95

374

GSM1900

1850~1910

1930~1990

2 60

80

299

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FREQUENCY PLANNING

The objective of a cellular system is to provide quality communication to the maximum number of users in a defined area. The number of users supported by the system can be increased by using more frequencies. Frequency resources are however always limited. In order to accommodate a maximum number of subscribers per network, the available frequencies need to be reused as often as possible. Finding the optimum compromise between dense re-use and least interference is the objective of frequency planning. A minimum received signal level has to be provided throughout the coverage area of the network.

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS

Determining the cell repeat pattern

Frequencies have to be reused at different cells throughout the network to maximize capacity. The distance cells using the same set of frequencies is called the frequency reuse distance. This reuse distance depends on the number of frequency reuse groups N. Once N has been determined every Nth cell will be assigned the same frequencies. Also a minimum received signal level has to be provided throughout the coverage area of the network. The cell repeat pattern is dependent on the frequency spectrum available, the traffic required and most important on the way the network is planned. Generally 7/21 or 7 site repeat pattern and 4 site repeat patterns are used.

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS

Cell reuse pattern

The distribution of the C/I ratio desired in a system determines the number of frequency groups, F, which may be used. If we have N carrier frequencies then No of carriers / group = N/F Since the number of frequency groups are fixed, a smaller number of frequency groups(F) results in more carriers per set and per cell. Hence a reduction in the number of frequency groups would allow each site to carry more traffic. However decreasing the number of frequency groups and reducing the frequency reuse distance results in lower average C/I distribution in the system. Generally 7/21 and 4/12 reuse patterns are used.

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS

7/21 Cell reuse pattern

Say we have 42 frequencies and we require 2 carriers per site then we can use 7 site repeat pattern. Hence a cluster will be formed of 7 sites. The frequencies for manual frequency planning for a cluster size of 7 are arranged a s shown below

Carrier1 Carrier2

A1 1 22

B1 2 23

C1 3 24

D1 4 25

E1 5 26

F1 6 27

G1 7 28

A2 8 29

B2 9 30

C2 10 31

D2 11 32

E2 12 33

F2 13 34

G2 14 35

A3 15 36

B3 16 37

C3 17 38

D3 18 39

E3 19 40

F3 20 41

G3 21 42

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS 7/21 Cell reuse pattern

G1 G1 B1 G3 B2 A1 G2 F1

B1

G3 B2 A1

G2

F1

B3

F3 E1

F2

B3

F3 E1

F2

C1

A3 C2 D1

A2 E3

C1

A3 C2 D1

A2 E3

C3 E2

E2

C3

D3

D2

D3

D2

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS

4/12 Cell reuse pattern Say we have 48 frequencies and we require 4 carriers per site then we can use 4 site repeat pattern. Hence a cluster will be formed of 4 sites. The frequencies for manual frequency planning for a cluster size of 4 are arranged a s shown below

Carrier1 Carrier2 Carrier3 Carrier4

A1 1 13 25 37

B1 2 14 26 38

C1 3 15 27 39

D1 4 16 28 40

A2 5 17 29 41

B2 6 18 30 42

C2 7 19 31 43

D2 8 20 32 44

A3 9 21 33 45

B3 10 22 34 46

C3 11 23 35 47

D3 12 24 36 48

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FREQUENCY PLANNING STEPS 4/12 Cell reuse pattern

B1 C1 D3 B3 B2 A1 C3 D3 C2 B1

D1 A1

D2

C1

A3 C2 B1

A2

B3

B2

C3 D3

D1 B2 A1

D2

C1

A3

A2 B1

B3

C3 B1

C2

D1

D2

C1

A3 C2

A2 B3

B3

B2

C3

B2

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MCOM SOFTWARE

MCOM is a graphical displaying tool for mobile networks. It is designed to

assist Ericsson radio network consultants when working with radio network design and radio network performance improvement. MCOM is built upon the MapInfo application. Because of this MCOM has

inherited almost all functionalities that MapInfo provides. Furthermore, all file types that MapInfo supports is also supported by MCOM. MCOM is primarily used in tuning projects were it greatly simplifies the

analysis of drive test data by providing an efficient way of displaying the drive test results together with geographical data.

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THANKS

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ANY QUERIES??

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