Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Classification
Onkofetal proteins
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Carbohydrate antigen
CA-125 CA-19-9 CA-15-3 and CA 27-29 CA- 72-4
Enzymes
Creatin kinasa Lactat dehidrogenasa Prostata acid phosphatase Prostate specific antigen (PSA) Neuron-specific enolasa (NSE)
Other markers
Cytokeratin-19 (CYFRA 21-1)
Tissue polypeptide-antigen (TPA) Tissue polypeptide-specific (TPS) antigen Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen
Definition
Tumor markers are substances produced either directly by tumor cells or by a tumorcell-induced synthesis in non-tumorous cells.
Criteria for ideal tumor marker, which would have sensitivity and specificity 100% have not been fulfilled by any known tumor marker Use can be helpful to diagnose the cancer but it can not to be the only criteria
ndication
Early detection of malignant tumors in high-risk groups Use in primary diagnosis Prognostic utility Therapy monitoring Early detection on tumor recurrence
Tumor markers are not suited for screening asymptomatic individuals because they have a too low organ and tumor specificity as well as a too low predictive value positive of a test
Classification
Oncofetal and oncoplacental antigens AFP, CEA, hCG Carbonhydrate molecules with epitopes recognizable by monoclonal antibodies CA 19-9, CA 125, CA 15-3 Differentiation and proliferation antigens NSE, PSA, b2-microglobulin
Absolute indication
Suspected hepatocellular carcinoma Germ cell tumors (testes, ovaries, extragonadal tumors) Follow-up of patients after treatment for germ cell tumors or primary liver cell cancers or of those still undergoing treatment, e.g. Postoperatively or during/after irradiation and chemotherapy
Relative indications
Monitoring patients liver cirrhosis for the development of primary liver cell cancer Monitoring patients who are at increased risk for germ cell tumors , e.g. cryptorchidism and healthy monozygotic twin siblings of patients with a testicular tumor. Monitoring patients following resection of a testicular tumor who are in complete remission, because of the increased risk of developing a second, contralateral tumor.
Cirrhosis (AFP)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
3.1 10 ng/ml 20 27 16 29
>10 ng/ml 52 23 4 32
Pulmonary 39
colorectal carcinomas
CA 19-9
Suspected presence of pancreatic, hepatobiliary (liver cancer, biliary cancer), or gastric cancer Diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer( second-line tumor marker after CEA) and ovarian cancer (second-line tumor marker after CA125)
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
CA 125
CA-125 glycoprotein molecular weight 200-1,000 kda Introduced in 1983 by Bast for ovarian cancer Cut-off: 35 U/ml The major diagnostic relevance of CA 125 is in assisting the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, evaluating the success of treatment, and the disease course. Furthermore, it may be used as a second-line marker, after CA19-9, for pancreatic cancer.
<35 U/ml 14 56 82
35-65 U/ml 9 19 8 8 15 11
>65 U/ml 77 25 10 22 19 12
Over Ca
Pancreas Ca
Over Ca
Over Ca
Over Ca
CA 15-3
CA 15-3 is a useful parameter for monitoring the disease course of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Metastatik meme Ca
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
METASTATK KOLON CA
NKS OVER CA
OVER CA