A Seminar on

Energy & Exergy Analysis of a Power Plant

Guided By : Dr. S.S.Mallick Thapar University

Submitted By:
Mitesh Kumar M.E(Thermal Engg.) Thapar University, Patiala
11

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Contents:

Introduction Thermodynamic aspects Why Exergy??? Case Study-specifications Energy Calculations Formulae Used Exergy Calculations Results & Discussions Solution based on studied Parameter References

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Energy

Exergy

Energy is EVERYTHING Efficient Energy Use Exergy

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THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics ENERGY

is about how energy is never made or lost

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics EXERGY

linkage between entropy and usefulness of energy.

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Energy is dependent on the parameters of matter or energy flow only, and independent of the environment parameters. is guided by the 5/5/12

Exergy is dependent both on the parameters of matter or energy flow and on the environment parameters.

is guided by the

Why Exergy ???

An effective method. A way to study how we can make systems and processes more efficient. to design more efficient energy systems.
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CASE 1: Energy Analysis

qloss

ein

SYSTEM

eout

= eout / ein

Energy balance: ein = eout + qloss eout=ein - qloss

CASE 2: Exergy Analysis exin
SYSTEM

exlos s exout

exdest

= exout / exin

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Exergy balance: exin = exout + exloss + exdest

Schematic diagram of a power plant with reheat:-

power plant with a subcritical boiler, reheat, Hp and Lp turbines.

boiler, turbines and pump assumed to be adiabatic.

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Plant Properties Tables:-

Thermodynamic properties of working fluid of power plant at T0 (C)= 25, P=101 Kpa:-

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Energy Calculations:Energy given in Boiler = h3 h2 +h5 h4 =3400 259.5 + 3457 3105 =3492.5KJ Heat given in Turbine = 0KJ Work done by Turbine = (3400 3105) + ( 3457 2385) = 295 + 1072 =1367KJ Heat Exchange in Condenser= h6 h1 = 2385 -251.4 = 2133.6KJ Work done by Pump = h2 h1 = 259.5 251.4 = 8.1KJ
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Energy balance of the power plant components and percent ratio to fuel energy input :Component Boiler HP Turbine LP Turbine Total Qin Condenser Wnet Wpump Energy Balance 3493 0 0 3493 2133.6 1367 8.1 Percent(%) ratio 100 0 0 100 61.08 39.1 0.23

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Exergy Calculations:PUMP:-

Exdest

=h1 h2 T0(S1- S2) =(251.4-259.5)-298(0.832-0.8321) =8KW

=

Condenser :-

Exdest

h6 h1 T0(S6- S1) = (2385-2511.4)-298(7.236-0.832) =212KW

Turbine:= 1367 -1367 =0 And all other calculations can be done in the same manner
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Exergy Efficiency = Ex out Exin for boiler

ex

Ex 3+ Ex 5 Ex2 + Ex 4

= 1530.594 900 146.77 + 12355 = 630.594 1382.27 = 45.6 % All other calculations can be done in similar manner

Power plant efficiency = (h3-h4) + (h5 h6) (h2 h1)

(h3 h2) + (h5 h6) = 1367 8.1 3493 = 38.9%

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Percentage Exergy Destruction in Different Components:%ge exergy destruction =exergy destruction exergy input In condenser = 212/1552 = 13.22 = 1339/1552=86.27

In Boiler

Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the power plant components when T0 = 25 C, P=101 Kpa:-

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS:

Power plant efficiency is 38.9%. Energy analysis shows that

2/3 of the total energy given to the system is lost in condenser. 1/3 of the total energy is consumed in turbine.

Exergy analysis shows that

86.27% of total exergy is lost in boilers. 13.735% of total exergy is lost in condensers.

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HOW to increase the rankine cycle Efficiency???? Lowering the condenser pressure. Superheating the steam to higher pressure. Increasing the boiler pressure.

Parameter Studied:Condenser pressure

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Effect of condenser pressure on the cycle efficiency:Decrease in the cycle condenser pressure & temperature results in the increased power output, for the same mass flow.

Decreasing the turbine outlet enthalpy causes the turbine . condenser must be rduced to increase the turbine work as well as efficiency.

Limitations :Reduction in condenser pressure results into Decrease in steam quality. Drag force developed from the droplets tends to reduce the turbine output power .

Droplets

erosion of turbine last satge blades.

Further reduction in condenser pressure will cause the water outlet from condenser to freeze.

6.9 Kpa- 13.8 Kpa

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References

Improvement Power Plant Efficiency with Condenser Pressure - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY

SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JUNE 2011

Study Material- Dr. S.S.Mallick , Thapar University Bejan.A, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley and Sons Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach,5th Edition-Yunus.A.Cengel , Michael .A.Boles

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1919

Thanking You

Use your resourc es wisely ..

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Queries .