EDTA Titrations Chapter 13

Metal-Chelate Complexes
Metal ions are Lewis acids, the corresponding Lewis bases are electron donating ligands. Monodentate ligand: binds to a metal ion through only one metal ion. Multidentate or chelating ligand attaches to a metal ion through more than one atom.

Chelate Effect
Chelating is the ability of multidentate ligands to form more staple metal complexes than those formed by monodentate ligands. These reactions happen over the monodentate because of favored thermodynamics.

Thermodynamic favorable
The delta Hs for mono and multidentates are generally comparable. However, the delta S s (entropy) favors a reaction with the multidentate. G = H - TS

Chelation in Medicine
Chelation therapy was first introduced in Germany in the 1930s to combat heavy metal poisoning. First used for good in the U.S.A. in the late forties. Utilized in medical treatments to help remove lead from the systems of patients. EDTA is the chelation agent of choice.

EDTA
Ethylediaminetetraacetic acid Most widely used chelating agent Forms 1:1 complexes Through titration or indirect reactions, EDTA can quanitatively measure nearly all elements.

EDTA Structure

EDTA Complexes
Equilibrium constant for the reaction of a metal with a ligand is called the formation constant. M+n + Y-4 MYn-4 Kf = (MYn-4)/(M+n)(Y-4) Pb+2 + CaY-2 PbY- + Ca+2 K ~ 108 The Pb+2 ion replaces the Ca+2 ion because K f for the lead complex is greater than the calcium complex

EDTA Titration Curve Region 1

Excess Mn+ left after each addition of EDTA. Conc. of free metal equal to conc. of unreacted Mn+.

Region 2
Equivalence point:[Mn+] = [EDTA] Some free Mn+ generated by MYn-4 Mn+ + EDTA

Region 3
Excess EDTA. Virtually all metal in MYn-4 form.

Metal Ion Indicators

Compounds whose color changes when they bind to a metal ion. The color change singles the end point Most indicators can only be used in a certain pH range.

EDTA Titration Techniques

Direct titration: analyte is titrated with standard EDTA. Back titration: a known excess of EDTA is added to the analyte. Displacement titration: For metal ions that do not have a satisfactory indicator. Indirect titration: Anions that precipitate with certain metal ions.

 Masking: reagent that protects some component of the analyte from reaction with EDTA. Demasking: releases metal ion from a masking agent.

Sources
I will never tell ! Textbook, Quantitative Chemical Analysis http://www.chem.wits.ac.za/chem201/Com plexation%20reactions.ppt#52