Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
liquid/liquid and after reaching certain level,switch turns the equipment ON & OFF. Level is simply a measure of height.
Direct Indirect
Direct methods employ physical properties such as fluid motion and buoyancy, as well as optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Direct level measurement does not require compensation for changes in level caused by changes in temperature. Direct level measurements show the actual level of the interface.
Indirect level measurement involves converting measurements of some other quantity, such as pressure to level by determining how much pressure is exerted over a given area at a specific measuring point, the height of the substance above that measuring point can also be determined.
A dipstick used to measure the amount of fuel remaining in a tank. Dipsticks can also be used to measure the quantity of liquid in an otherwise inaccessible space, by inserting and removing the stick and then checking the extent of it covered by the liquid.
Rotating paddle level sensors are a very old and established technique for bulk solid point level indication. The technique requires a low speed gear motor that rotates a paddle wheel. When the paddle is stalled by solid materials, the motor is rotated on its shaft by its own torque until a flange mounted on the motor contacts a mechanical switch
A sight glass or water gauge is a transparent tube through which the operator of a tank or boiler can observe the level of liquid contained within. Simple sight glasses may be just a plastic or glass tube connected to the bottom of the tank at one end and the top of the tank at the other. The level of liquid in the sight glass will be the same as the level of liquid in the tank. Today, however, sophisticated float switches have replaced sight glasses in many such applications.
It is used to measure liquid levels in the tank in which a float rests on the surface of liquid and follows the changing level of liquid.
Ultrasonic transmitters work on the principle of sending a sound wave from a peizo electric transducer to the contents of the vessel. The device measures the length of time it takes for the reflected sound wave to return to the transducer. A successful measurement depends on reflection from the process material in a straight line back to the transducer
The
Metritape
sensor base
comprises strip
an
elongated
metallic
having
electrical insulation on the edges and back of the strip to define an un-insulated zone
Hook- Type level Indicator consists of a wire of corrosion resistance alloy bent into U-shaped with
Displacer level detector works on the Archimedes Principle which states, A body wholly or partially immersed in fluid is buoyed up a force which is equal to weight of the fluid displaced. By detecting the apparent weight of immersed displacer the level of the fluid is measured
High accuracy
These have limited ranges and devices exceeding 1.2m in length are difficult to measure Cost of these increases appreciably for externally mounted units as pressure increases External units may require heating to avoid freezing External units may be in error due to temperature difference between vessel fluid and level chamber fluid
5. Is the measured material electrically conductive? 6. Will the material coat or build up on surfaces? 7. Does turbulence, foam, or vapor occur at the surface of the liquid? 8. Will you need contact or non-contact level measurement?
Switches
A switch is an electrical device usually electromechanical used to control continuity between two points
Types of Switches
Hand switches: Hand Switches are actuated by human touch. Process Switches: Process Switches are actuated by changes in some physical process(temperature ,level , flow etc.) Limit Swiches:Limit Switches are actuated by machine motion.
The many level technologies available in the market place today all work. If they did not work, companies would not