Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Fazel Fakhrieh
Overview
Introduction: what is teleimmersion? Teleimmiersion and the grid Application of teleimmersion Teleimmersion technologies Teleimmersion performance requirements
Definitions of Teleimmersion
networked/distributed/collaborative virtual environments [teleimmersive applications] enable the interaction between geographically remote participants within a shared, threedimensional space.
- Watsen & Zyda
Definitions (cont)
The term Tele-immersion was first used as the title of a workshop to bring together researchers in distributed computing, collaboration, virtual reality and networking
- Jason Leigh
Definitions (cont)
[teleimmersion is] a broad multidisciplinary research area that includes all aspects of computer science, virtual reality, virtual worlds, teleoperation and telepresence. A variety of network elements are required to scale up virtual environments to arbitrary sizes, simultaneously connecting thousands of interacting players and all kinds of information objects
- Brutzman, Macedonia & Zyda
Definitions (cont)
The ultimate synthesis of networking and media technologies
- Smith & Weingarten
Definitions (cont)
Merging Virtual Reality with Collaboration Technology -- Rick Stevens
VR
Haptics
VR
Haptics
VR
Haptics
Definitions (cont)
a notion of some underlying virtual world a visual (usually 3D) representation of the world, possibly augmented with audio and haptic representations multiple participants in the world, aware of one another interactions between participants, directed to some (possibly frivolous) end --Sam Taylor
Virtual Reality
Concept: immersing the user in
a computer generated world that provides suspension of disbelief (i.e. transports the user into the world). Immersive high-resolution real-time stereo graphics Point of view rendering High-quality (spatialized or surround) audio Haptics (touch and force feedback) Basis for creating shared work spaces
VR
Haptics
Examples of Teleimmersion
scientific visualisation - big data, big compute cooperative design - architects and CAD education - distance learning, outreach entertainment - multi-player games military - training and simulation
Application of teleimmersion
Teleimmertion technologies
Informationbased system and data mining Projection visualization Telecollaboration environmentsEnvironment ) CAVE( Cave Automatic Virtual and human factors ImmerDesk Telepresence for exploration, construction, PowerWall and recreation system Monitor based
Head-mounted displays( HMDs) Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitors( BOOMs)
Individuals
Work groups
collaborations
Institutions
CAVE
Multi-person, room-sized, high-resolution, 3D video and audio environment Graphics are rear-projected in stereo onto three walls and the floor and are viewed with stereo glasses
CAVE Capability
A user is presented with dynamically moving stereo full-color at multi-thousand-pixel horizontal resolution on the walls and floor. The primary users position is tracked so that the correct perspective view is generated in real time The primary user can navigate with variety of intuitive navigational devices currently under test and construction.
Audio Localizer
commands
User Environment
headmounted display or projection display system
graphics
Electronics
Tele-immersion management
Video
Tracking
Simulation Data
Haptic Drivers
Remote Rendering
Performance requirement
Bandwidth requirement Latency Reliability Multicast
Bandwidth requirements
Type Latency Control < 30 ms Text < 100 ms Audio < 30 ms Video < 100 ms Tracking < 10 ms Database < 100 ms Simulation < 30 ms Haptic < 10 ms Rendering < 30 ms
Bandwidth 64Kb/s 64Kb/s Nx128Kb/s Nx5Mb/s Nx128Kb/s > 1GB/s > 1GB/s > 1 Mb/s >1GB/s
Multicast Security Streaming DynQos No High No Low No Medium No Low Yes Medium Yes Medium Yes Low Yes Medium Yes Low Yes Medium Maybe Medium No High Maybe Medium Maybe High Maybe High Maybe High Maybe Low Maybe Medium
Further reading
For more information on the topics covered in this chapter, see www.mkp.com/grids also following references: Kalawskys reference text on virtual environments is comprehensive Two national research council reports discuss open research topics in environments and user interfaces Burdea provides a comprehensive survey of haptics, and Minsky a wonderful haptices bibiography Matlin and Foley survey human sensory and perception systems, from which many of the requirments of teleimmersive and virtual environment derive