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PAPER 3 GUIDELINES ON HOW TO ANSWER QUESTION

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OBSERVATION

Write down what can be observed only. Do not analysis, comparison or conclusion (write the observation for the highest and lowest value of the responding variable)

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Example:

At temperature5C, time taken for iodine solution remainsyellowishis12 minutes.

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At

temperature37C, time taken for iodine solution remainsyellowishis3 minutes.

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inference

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State

the inference which corresponds to each observation. An inference is a brief explanation of the observation, based on scientific knowledge which you already know

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example

At temperature5C, therateof enzyme (amylase) reaction islow/ decreases / longer / lower. temperature37C/ optimum temperature, therateof enzyme reaction ishigh.

At

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hypothesis

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Similar

to the hypothesis in Chemistry Paper 3, it must alwaysstartwithmanipul ated variableand follows byresponding variables

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example

P1:Manipulatedvariable (temperature) P2:Respondingvariable (time taken for iodine solution remain yellowish / rate of enzyme (amylase) reaction / activity) P1 and P2 (MV + RV)

Hypothesis:relationshipof

Thehigherthetemperature, thehigherthe rate of enzyme reaction / time taken for iodine solution remainyellowish(until it reaches the optimum temperature)

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variable

Variable Manipulated

Method to handle
Use.(list all MV used) Record /measure . Using (apparatus) Fix/ Use the same/ Maintain .

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Responding

Controlled

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Graph

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SALorSAPwhich

is S =Shape, A =Axisand L =Label/ P =Point. Besides that, student must remember to write thetitle of the graph.

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relationship

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Students

must provide the manipulated variable first and follow by responding variable and usually for the manipulated variable must have two supportingtheoriesand a briefconclusion.

Example:
Based

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on the graph in 1 (e) (ii), explain therelationshipbetween rate of enzyme reaction and temperature. (Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar tindakbalas enzim dengan suhu.)

R1

Relationship: the temperature increases, the rate of enzyme reaction also increase. (Theory 1) R2 Explanation 1: at 37C // at optimum temperature the starch hydrolyse (completely by amylase / enzyme) (Theory 2) R3 Explanation 2: at the maximum rate (Brief conclusion)

Astemperature

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increases(MV), therate of enzyme reaction increases(RV). At optimum temperaturethe starch washydrolysed(completely) by amylase at the maximum rate.

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predicting

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Question:

if the experiment is repeated.., predict the observation. : one number of relevant statement e.g. the (responding variable) will be higher/ lower than (the value in the first experiment) + reason

Answer

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Defining operationally

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This

is a definition in the context of the experiment, not the text book definition must have a phrase which includes the context of the experiment/ experimental conditions

You

example
An

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experiment is carried out to investigate photosynthesis and leaves are tested with iodine solution for the presence of starch. The operational definition of photosynthesis would be:

Photosynthesis

is the process where green leaves in the presence of light, carbon dioxide and water, produce starch which turns iodine solution dark blue.