WELCOME TO THIS

CLASS

BASIC

GRAMMATICAL

STRUCTURES
INTRODUCTIONS
• GREETINGS

Hi, Hello
How do you do? Good morning
How are you feeling today?
How are you?
Fine thanks, and you?
Very good Good afternoon
I am OK
Very well
So so
Good evening
Bad
Not too bad
 LEAVE TAKINGS

See you later

See you soon
So long See you on Tuesday
Bye See you then
Good bye Good night
See you Catch you later
Have a nice day I am coming back
Have a nice soon
weekend
See you tomorrow
HURRY UP!
 PLURAL OF NOUNS
RULES
1. Most words add –S
Example:
FLAGS

2. When a word finishes in –S, -SH, -CH, -Z, -X, sometimes -O, then add –ES.

Example:

KISSES

MIXES
BUZZES WISHES

TOMATOES

COCKROACHES
3. Consonant + y , then drop “y” and add – IES

RASPBERRY
¥ RASPBERRIES

4. Vowel + y , then – S

BOYS

5. When a word finishes in - F or - FE, then drop them and

add –VES
KNIFE
KNIVES
 IRREGULAR NOUNS

CHILD CHILDREN
WOMAN WOMEN
MAN MEN
PERSON PERSONS / PEOPLE
FOOT FEET
TOOTH TEETH
SHEEP SHEEP
GOOSE GEESE
MOUSE MICE
LOUSE LICE
DEER DEER
OX OXEN
 ARTICLES
THE
NO GENDER AND NEUTRAL
LOS, LAS, EL, LA
EXAMPLES:
The socket - el enchufe
The lamp – la lámpara
The elephants – los elefantes
The bedrooms–las habitaciones
 A /AN (una, un)
 A carrot  An ant
 A bee  An elephant
 A yellow orange  An orange fish
 A giant  An eel
 A document  An intelligent boy

*A university* *An hour*

DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS

_____ ___
THOSE ARE rabbits

I.____ __ a
woman.
_____
THAT ____
IS a
colombian flag
This __
____ is a cup of These ____
_____ are
coffee two big shoes.
 GRAMMATICAL CHART
PRONOUNS DIRECT AND POSSESIVES POSSESIVE
INDIRECT ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
COMPLEMENT
I ME MY MINE

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

HE HIM HIS HIS

SHE HER HER HERS

IT IT ITS ITS

WE US OUR OURS

THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS

 POSSESIVE PRONOUNS

MINE (el mío, la mía, los míos, las

mías)
YOURS (tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas,
suyo, suya, suyos, suyas)
HIS (suyo(a), suyas (os), (de él))

HERS (suya(o), suyas(os) (de

ella))

ITS (suyo(a), suyos(as) (de él o de

ella)
OURS (nuestro (a), nuestros (as),
de nosotros (as))
THEIRS (suya(o), suyas(os) (de
ellos, de ellas)
Whose are these?

¿De
quién Whose is this?
es
esto?
 That is mine
Those are mine
That is not yours
Those are not
yours
 MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
SUNDAY
 MONTHS OF THE YEAR
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
 ON, IN

• My birthday is on February 8th.

• I was born in 1982.
• The Woman’s Day is in March.
• The last earthquake was on March 12th.
• The worst earthquake was in 1956

When is your birthday?

 TIME IS MONEY
• What time is it?
• What is the time?

12:00: It’s twelve o’clock

9:30: It’s half past nine
It’s nine and thirty
7:15: It’s fifteen past seven
It’s a quarter past seven
It´s seven and fifteen
11:45: It’s a quarter to twelve
It’s eleven and forty five
It’s forty five past eleven
1:00: It’s _________
one o’clock

six
6:30: It’s half past _______
It’s _______
six and thirty
2:15: It’s fifteen past ______
two
It’s a quarter past
_______
two
It´s ______ and fifteen
two
3:45: It’s a quarter to ______
four
It’s ________ and forty five
three
It’s forty five past ________
three
 THERE IS, THERE ARE
(HAY)
SINGULAR
• THERE IS A HAMBURGER
• IS THERE A HAMBURGER?
• Yes, there is
• No, there is not
(isn’t)
 PLURAL

•THERE ARE MUSHROOMS

•ARE THERE MUSHROOMS?
•YES, THERE ARE
•NO. THERE ARE NOT
(aren’t)
 COUNTABLE AND
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
COUNTABLE
UNCOUNTABLE
All things that can
Mass nouns
be numbered one
by one
 COUNTABLE NOUNS

HOW MANY TOMATOES ARE THERE?

PLURAL

THERE ARE MANY TOMATOES

(hay muchos)
THERE ARE A LOT OF TOMATOES
(hay muchos, hay un montón)
THERE ARE LOTS OF TOMATOES
(hay montones, hay muchos)

THERE ARE A FEW TOMATOES

(hay pocos)
THERE ARE NOT ANY TOMATOES
(no hay)
 UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

HOW MUCH CHEESE IS THERE?

SINGULAR
THERE IS MUCH CHEESE
(hay mucho)
THERE IS A LOT OF CHEESE
(hay mucho, hay un montón)
THERE IS LOTS OF CHEESE
(hay montones, hay mucho)

THERE IS A LITTLE CHEESE

(hay poco)
THERE IS NOT ANY CHEESE
(no hay)
 Un poco, un
poquito, poco,
poca, poquito
A FEW (COUNTABLE)
There are a few
circles

A LITTLE (UNCOUNTABLE)

There is a little
love