Created By: Mohd Said B Tegoh

Required Basic Mathematical Skills

Rounding off whole numbers to a specified place value Round off 1 688 to the nearest hundred

1 700
Round off 430 618 to the nearest thousand

431 000

Round off 30 106 correct to the nearest hundred.

0 3 0106
0<5

Round off 14.78 to the nearest whole number

+1

15 . 7 8 4 Understand !!!
The first digit on the right is greater than 5 Add I the decimals Drop all to digit 4

Required Basic Mathematical Skills

Rounding off whole numbers to a specified number of decimal places Express 1.8523 to three decimal places

1.852
Express 0.4968 to two decimal places

0.50

Round off 5.316 to 1 decimal place

5 . 3 1 6
Drop all the Do not The first digit on the digits to the change Underline digit 3 right is less than 5 digit 3 3 right st decimal place) (1

Round off 4.387 to 2 decimal places

+1

9 4.38 7
Add first 8 The 1 to digit on Underline digit 8 the right is more (2nd decimal place) than 5

CALC

x2
ENG RCL

sin

cos ( ln
CONST

ab/c

tan
log

M+

^
hyp

x-1
DEL

fdx

AC

7 0

8 . +

9
EXP Ans

=
(-)

Before Getting started MODES

Before starting a calculation, you must enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below
To perform this type of calculation Perform this key To enter this operation mode

Basic Arithmetic Calculation Standard Deviation

MODE
1X

COMP

MODE
2X

SD

To perform this type of calculation Base-n Calculations

Perform this key operation

MODE 3

To enter this mode BASE

2X Solutions of Equations
MODE 1

EQN

3X Complex Number Calculations Regressions Calculation

MODE 2

CMPLX

1X
MODE 2

REG

2X

Arithmetic Calculations
Use the MODE key to enter the COMP when you want to perform basic calculations.
MODE

COMP 1

FIX, SCI, RND (Fix)

1

: Number of Decimal Places

(Sci) Sci)
2

: Number of Significant Digits

(Norm) : Exponential of significant Digits 3

Round off 5.316 to 1 decimal place

5x
MODE Fix 1

Fix 0

9?

5 . 3 = 5.3

Round off 5.316 to 2 decimal place

5x
MODE Fix 1

Fix 0

9?

5 . 3 = 5.32

Round off 4.387 to 2 decimal place

5x
MODE Fix 1

Fix 0

9?

4 . 3 = 4.39

Round off 4.387 to 1 decimal place

5x
MODE Fix 1

Fix 0

9?

4 . 3 = 4.4

Required Basic Mathematical Skills

Law of Indices 10m x 10n = 10m + n 10m 10n = 10m - n Simplify the following 103 x 10-5

10-2
102 106

10-4

 Very large and very small numbers are conveniently

rounded off to a specified number of significant figures  The concept of significant figures is another way of stating the accuracy of a measurement Significant figures refer to the relevant digits in an integer or a decimal number which has been rounded off to a given degree of accuracy

Positive numbers greater than 1 can be rounded off to a given number of significant figures

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: All non-zero digits are significant figures 2.73 has 3 significant figures 1346 has 4 significant figures

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: All zeros between non-zero are significant figures 2.03 has 3 significant figures 3008 has 4 significant figures

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: In a decimal, all zeros after any non-zero digit are significant figures 3.60 has 3 significant figures 27.00 has 4 significant figures

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: In a decimal, all zeros before the first non-zero digit are not significant 0.0032 has 2 significant figures 0.0156 has 3 significant figures

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: All zeros after any non-zero digit in a whole number are not significant unless stated other wise

1999 = 2000 ( one s.f )

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: All zeros after any non-zero digit in a whole number are not significant unless stated other wise

1999 = 2000 ( two s.f )

The rules for determining the number of significant figures in a number are as follows: All zeros after any non-zero digit in a whole number are not significant unless stated other wise

1999 = 2000 ( three s.f )

State the number of significant figures in each of the following (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 4 576 603 25 009 2.10 0.0706 0.80

4 3 5 3 3 2

Example 1
Express 3.15 x 105 as a single number

3 . 1 5 = 315000

EXP

EXP 5x

5
3

= 3.15 x 105
Norm 1^2 ?

MODE Norm

2 315000

Example 2
Express 4.23 x 10-4 as a single number

4 . 2 3 = 0.000423

EXP

(-)

EXP 5x

(-)

4 3

= 4.23 x 10-4
Norm 1^2 ?

MODE Norm

2 0.000423

Method of rounding off to a specified number of significant figures

Identify the digit (x) that is to be rounded off
Is the digit after x greater than or equal to 5

YES
Add 1 to x

NO
x remains unchanged

Do the digit after x lie before the decimal point?

YES (BEFORE)
Replace each digit with zero

NO (AFTER)
Drop the digits

Write the number according to the specified number of significant figures

Round off 30 106 correct to three significant figures.

0 3 0106
0<5

Round off 30 106 correct to three significant figures.

5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 1

Sci 0

9?

3 =

3.01 x 104 30 100

Round off 0.05098 correct to three significant figures.

1 0 +1

0. 0 5098
8>5

00 0 . 0 51 9 8

Round off 0.05098 correct to three significant figures.

5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 0

Sci 0

9?

3 9 8

0 =

5.10 x 10-2 0.0510

 To clear the Sci specification

5X Norm 3 2?

Press

MODE

3 1

Norm 1

 To continue the Sci specification

ON

Press

Round off 0.0724789 correct to four significant figures.

+1

0. 0 724789
8>5

8 0. 0 724789

Round off 0.0724789 correct to four significant figures. 5x

MODE

Sci 2

2 0

Sci 0

9?

4 4 7 8 9

0 =

7.248 x 10-2 0.07248

Complete the following table (Round off to)

Number 47 103 20 464 1 978 3.465 70.067 4.004 0.04567 0.06045 0.0007805 3 sig. fig. 47100 20 500 1 980 3.47 70.1 4.00 0.0457 0.0605 0.000781 2 sig. fig. 47000 20 000 2 000 3.5 70 4.0 0.046 0.060 0.00078 1 sig. fig. 50 000 20 000 2 000 3 70 4 0.05 0.06 0.0008

We usually use standard form for writing very large and very small numbers A standard form is a number that is written as the product of a number A (between 1 and 10) and a power of 10

A x 10n, where 1 A < 10, and n is an integer

Positive numbers greater than or equal to 10 can be written in the standard form A x 10n , where 1 A 10 and n is the positive integer, i.e. n = 1, 2, 3, Example 58 000 000 = 5.8 x 107

Positive numbers less than or equal to 1 can be written in the standard form A x 10n , where 1 A 10 and n is the negative integer, i.e. n = ..,-3, -2, -1 Example 0.000073 = 7.3 x 10-5

Express 431 000 in standard form Express the number as a product of A (1 A < 10) and a power of 10 A Power of 10

431 000 = 4.31 x 100 000 4.31 x 105 = 431 000 = 4 3 1 0 0 0 x 105 = 4.31
5 is the number of places, the decimal point is moved to the left

Express 431 000 in standard form

5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 1

Sci 0

9?

3 0

4 =

4.31 x 105

Express 0.000709 in standard form Express the number as a product of A (1 A < 10) and a power of 10 Power of 10 A

1 0.000709 = 7.09 x 10000 1 = 7.09 x 4 10

7.09 x 10-4 =

Express 0.000709 in standard form

0.000709 = 0 . 0 0 0 7 0 9 x 10-4 = 7.09

-4 is the number of places, the decimal point is moved to the right

Express 0.000709 in standard form

5x
MODE Sci

2 0

Sci 0

9?

3 7 0 9

0 =

7.09 x 10-4

Write the following numbers in standard form

NUMBER 8765 32154 6900000 0.7321 0.00452 0.0000376 0.0000000183 STANDARD FORM 8.765 x 103 3.2154 x 104 6.9 x 106 7.321 x 10-1 4.52 x 10-3 3.76 x 10-5 1.83 x 10-8

Number in the standard form, A x 10n , can be converted to single numbers by moving the decimal point A (a) n places to the right if n is positive (b) n places to the left if n is negative

Express 1.205 x 104 as a single number

3.405 x

4 10

=3 . 4 0 5 0
Move the decimal point 4 places to the right

=34050

Express 3.405 x 104 as a single number COMP 1

MODE

3 . 4 0 = 34 050

EXP

Express 7.53x 10-4 as a single number

7.53 x

-4 10

= 0 0 00 7.5 3
Move the decimal point 4 places to the left

= 0.000753

Express 7.53 x 10-4 as a single number

7 . 5 3 = 0.000753

EXP

(-)

Express the following in single numbers

STANDARD FORM 4.863 x 103 7.2051 x 104 4.31 x 106 5.164 x 10-1 1.93 x 10-3 2.04 x 10-5 9.16 x 10-8 NUMBER 4863 72051 4310000 0.5164 0.00193 0.0000204 0.0000000916

3.25 X = 325000 -5 = 0.0000714 7.14 X 10 4537000 = 4.537 X 106 0.0000006398 = 6.398 X 10-7

5 10

325 X

5 10

32.5 X 106 = 3.25 X 107 = 0.325 X 108 =

431 X

-8 10

43.1 X 10-7 = 4.31 X 10-6 = 0.431 X 10-5 =

Two numbers in standard form can be added or subtracted if both numbers have the same index

sMA
m 10

R T
m 10

ax +bx m =(a + b) x 10 ax -bx m =(a - b) x 10

m 10

m 10

5.3 x 105 + 3.8 x 105 (5.3 + 3.8 ) x 105 = 9.1 x 105 = 7.8 x 10-2 - 3.5 x 10-2 (7.8 - 3.5 ) x 10-2 = 4.3 x 10-2 =

Two numbers in standard form with difference indices can only be added or subtracted if the differing indices are made equal

4.6 x 106 + 5 x 105 4.6 x 106 + 0.5 x 106 = (4.6 + 0.5 ) x 106 = 5.1 x 106 =

6.4 x 10-4 - 8 x 10-5 6.4 x 10-4 - 0.8 x 10-4 = (6.4 - 0.8) x 10-4 = 5.6 x 10-4 =

Calculate 3.2 x 104 6.7 x 103. Stating your answer in standard form.

3.2 x10  0.67 x10 ! (3.2  0.67) x10 ! 2.53x10

4 4

Calculate 3.2 x 104 6.7 x 103. Stating your answer in standard form. 5x
MODE Sci

2 2 7

Sci 0
EXP EXP

9?

3 =

3 6

. .

4 3

2. 53 x 104

_ 0.0000398

2.9 x10
5 5

6

3.98x10

5

 0.29 x10
5

! (3.98  0.29) x10 ! 3.69 x10

_ 0.0000398
5x
MODE

2.9 x10
Sci 0 9?

6

Sci 2

2 0 8 6

3 0

0 3

. 9

0 2

EXP (-)

3.69 x 10-5

When two numbers in standard form are multiplied or divided, the ordinary numbers are multiplied or divided with each other While their indices are added or subtracted

sMA
m 10

R T
n 10

ax xbx m+n =(a x b) x 10 ax bx m-n =(a b) x 10

m 10

n 10

9.5 x 103 x 2.2 x 102 (9.5 x 2.2) x (103 x 102) = 20.9 x 103+2 = 20.9 x 105 = 2.09 x 106 =

7.2 x10 2 6 x10 7.2 5  ( 2 ) x10 ! 6 7 ! 1.2 x10

Calculate 1.17 x 10-2 . Stating your answer in 3 x 106 standard form.

1.17  26 x10 3 8 ! 0.39 x10 ! 3.9 x10

9

Calculate 1.17 x 10-2 . Stating your answer in 3 x 106 standard form. 5x

MODE Sci

2 1 6

Sci 0

9?
EXP

3 (-) 2

1 3

.
EXP

7 =

3. 90 x 10-9

(9.24 v10 3 ) 2 , expressing the answer Calculate 6 v10 2 in standard form.

(9.24) x10 6x10  2 85.4  6  ( 2 ) ! x10 6 4 ! 14.2 x10 ! 1.42 x10

3

3 x 2

(9.24 v10 3 ) 2 , expressing the answer Calculate 6 v10 2 in standard form.

5x
MODE Sci

2 2

Sci 0 4

9? 3
EXP

9 ) 2

.
x2 )

( 3 (-)

(-)
EXP

1. 42 x 10-3

1 km2 = (1000 x 1000) m2 = (103 x 103) m2 = 106 m2

The area of a piece of rectangular land is 6.4 km2. If the width of the land is 1600 m, calculate the length, in m, of the land Length of the land = Area Width

6.4 x10 ! 3 1.6x10 6.4 3 ! x10 1.6 3 ! 4x10 m

Round off 0.05098 correct to three significant figures. A B C D 0.051 0.0500 0.0509 0.0510

1 0 +1

0. 0 5098
8>5

00 0 . 0 51 9 8

Round off 0.05098 correct to three significant figures.

5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 0

Sci 0

9?

3 9 8

0 =

5.10 x 10-2 0.0510

Round off 0.08305 correct to three significant figures. A B C D 0.083 0.084 0.0830 0.0831

1 +1

0. 0 8305
5=5

0 0 . 0 8 31 5

Round off 0.08305 correct to three significant figures.

5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 0

Sci 0

9?

3 0 5

0 =

8.31 x 10-2 0.0831

Round off 30 106 correct to three significant figures. A B C D 30 000 30 100 30 110 30 200

0 3 0106
0<5

Round off 30 106 correct to three significant figures. A B C D 30 000 30 100 30 110 30 200
5x
MODE

Sci 2

2 1

Sci 0

9?

3 =

3.01 x 104 30 100

Express 1.205 x 104 as a single number A B C D 1 205 12 050 1 205 000 12 050 000 COMP 1

1 2 0 50
1

MODE

1 . 2 0 = 12 050

EXP

Express 4.23 x 10-4 as a single number A B C D 0. 423 0. 0423 0. 00423 0. 000423

4 . 2 3 = 0.000423

EXP

(-)

Express 52 700 in standard form. A B C D 5.27 v 102 5.27 v 104 5.27 v 102 5.27 x 10-4 5x
MODE

52 700
2 7
Sci 0 9?

Sci 2

5 =

5.27 x 104

3.2 x10  6900 !

A B C D

3.89 x10 8 3.89 x10 4 1.01x10 8 1.01x10

3.2 x10  6900 ! 3.2 x10  0.69x10 ! (3.2  0.69) x10 ! 3.89x10
4 4 4 4

3.2 x10  6900 !

5x
MODE

Sci 2

Sci 0

9?

3 + 3.89 x 104

3 6

. 9

2 EXP 4 0 0 =

8.15x10
A B C D

6

 1.8x10
7

7

6.35x10 6 6.35x10 7 7.97 x10 6 7.97 x10

6

8.15x10

 0.18x10
6 6

6

! (8.15  0.18) x10 ! 7.97 x10

8.15x10
5x

6

 1.8x10

7

MODE Sci

2 1

Sci 0

9?
EXP EXP

3 (-) (-) 6 7

.
1

5 8

7. 97 x 10-6

2.96 x10 ! 4 2 (4 x10 )

A B C D

3

7.24 x105 7.24 x10 4 1.85x10 5 1.85x10

2.96x10

3

16x10 2.96 -3(-8) x10 ! 16 5 ! 0.185x10 ! 1.85x10

4

8

2.96 x10 ! 4 2 (4 x10 )

5x
MODE Sci

3

2 9 4
6

Sci 0
EXP

9?

3 3 )

.
( =

(-) 4

x2

EXP

(-)

1. 85 x 104