Transformations III 2011 (New)

Launching..
TRANSLATION TRANSLATION
Translation ???
CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

revision
TRANSLATION
A translation is a transformation that takes place when all points in a plane are moved in the same direction through the same distance Object A moves in the same direction for the same distance in the same plane
A A
DESCRIBING TRANSLATION
A translation
x y
means a movement of x units
parallel to the x-axis and a movement of y units parallel to the y-axis
The translation shown in the diagram 1
4 is 2 y A x
DIAGRAM 1
x Translation y
x represents the movement to the right or left which

is parallel to x-axis
y represents the movement upwards or downwards which is parallel to the y-axis
3 Translation 4 represents a movement of a distance 3 units to the right and 4 units upwards 5 Translation 2 represents a movement of a distance 5 units to the left and 2 units downwards 6 Translation 0 represents a movement of a distance 6 units to the right
6 Translation 0
y
Write the coordinates of the image of A(1,3) under
5
a translation
4
A (4 , 4) A (1 , 3)
3 1
1 3
Coordinate of image, A = (4 , 4)
y
If the object A (x , y) is moved under
5 m n
a translation
4
A (4 , 4) A (1 , 3) m 3 1 n
then its image will be A (x + m , y + n) Coordinate of image, A = (1 + 3 , 3 + 1) = (4 , 4)
Determining the coordinates of the image under a translation

POINT TRANSLATION (-2,5) (0,-3) (6,-4) (-8,-7) (-9,1)
2 5
IMAGE
(2 2,5 5) ! (0,10)
3 2 0 6
7 1 5 1
?0 (3),3 2A! (3,1)

(6 0,4 6) ! (6,2)
? 8 7, (7) (1)A! (1,8) ? 9 (5),1 (1)A! (14,0)
7 -5
A 3 A 4
The point A is the image of point A under a translation 4
4 A
-5
The point A is the image of point A under a translation 4
-5
A
A -5
The point A is the image of point A under a translation -5
A -5
The point A is the image of point A under a translation -5
-5 -2 A A
The A is the image of A under a translation -5
-2
C C A A B 3 B 1
Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under a translation
3 1
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
Important Tips
Find the translation that maps the point (2 , 4) onto the point (0 , 1) Image Object
Translation =
0 1 -2 -3
2 4
To find a translation under these conditions, subtract the coordinates of the object from the coordinates of its image.
Revision
Translation
Properties of Translation
The object and its image are identical in shape, size and orientation All points in the object change their positions to those of the image Every point is moved in the same direction for the same distance All lines in the image, if any, are parallel and equal in length to those of the object
Launching..
REFLECTION REFLECTION

revision REFLECTION
Reflection is a form of transformation in which all points in a plane are laterally inverted in a line called the line of reflection or the axis of reflection All points in object A are reflected in the axis of reflection
Axis of reflection
Axis of Reflection A A

revision REFLECTION
The coordinates of an image can be determined if the coordinates of the object are provided
y
With reference to the diagram, find the coordinates of the image of point A(3,2) under a reflection in y-axis,
-3 -2
3 2 1 x -1 0 1 2 3 A

solution
The perpendicular distance of the object and its image from the axis of reflection is equal The coordinates of the image of point A is (-3,2)
-3 -2 y 3 A 2 1 x -1 0 1 2 3 A
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 x=6
Q(3,5)
Q (9,5)
2 x
10
12
14
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (9,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 x=6
Q (3,5)
Q (9,5)
2 x
10
12
14
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 Distance of the object from the axis of reflection =6-3 =3 Image of point Q(3,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 = (6 + 3, 5) = (9,5)
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q(9,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 Distance of the object from the axis of reflection =9-6 =3 Image of point Q(9,5) under a reflection in the line x = 6 = (6 - 3, 5) = (3,5)
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (7,9) under a reflection in the line y = 6 Q(7,9) y=6
Q (7,3)
2 x
10
12
14
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q(7,9) under a reflection in the line y = 6 Distance of the object from the axis of reflection =9-6 =3 Image of point Q(7,9) under a reflection in the line y = 6 = (7,6 - 3) = (7,3)
y
6
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (2,3) under a reflection in the x-axis
5 4 3 2 1
Q(2,3)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
Q (2,-3)
y
6
Q(-4,3)
4 3 2 1
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (-4,3) under a reflection in the x-axis
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1
Q (-4,-3)
-2 -3 -4 -5 -6
y
6
Q (-3,5)
5 4 3 2 1
Q(3,5)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,5) under a reflection in the y-axis
-3 -4 -5 -6
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,5) under a reflection in the y-axis
5 4 3 2 1
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1
Q (-3,-2)
-2 -3 -4 -5 -6
Q(3,-2)
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,8) under a reflection in the line y = x y=x Q(3,8)
Q (8,3)
2 x
10
12
14
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (3,8) under a reflection in the line y = x y=x Q(3,8)
Q (8,3)
2 x
10
12
14
y 10 8
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (10,5) under a reflection in the line y = x Q (5,10) y=x
Q(10,5)
4
2 x
10
12
14
y
6
y=x Q(-3,4)
5 4 3 2 1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -1 -2 -3 1 2 3 4 x
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (-3,4) under a reflection in the line y=x
Q (4,-3)
-4 -5 -6
Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (-5,3) under a reflection in the line y = -x
y 10
y=-x Q (-3,5)
Q(-5,3)
-8 -6 -4 -2
2 x
y
6
y=-x
5 4 3 2 1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -1 1 2 3 4 x
Q(2,3)
Q (-3,-2) Find the coordinates of the image of point Q (2,3) under a reflection in the line y=-x
-2 -3 -4 -5 -6
Determining the coordinates of the image under a reflection

POINT REFLECTION IN THE IMAGE
Hot Tips
(x,y) (x,y) (x,y) (x,y)
x-axis y-axis line y=x line y=-x
(x,-y) (-x,y) (y,x) (-y,-x)
Determining the coordinates of the image under a reflection

POINT REFLECTION IN THE IMAGE
(-2,5) x-axis (4,-3) y-axis (6,-9) line y=x (-8,-7) line y=-x
Hot Tips
(-2,-5) (-4,-3) (-9,6) (7,8)
Example
y 5 C 4
DESCRIBING REFLECTION
When an object and its image under a certain reflection are given, the reflection can be described Figure A B C is the image of figure ABC under a reflection in the line x = 2
2 A 1
x=2
y 4 3 2 A 1 x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 B
The point B is the image of point A under a reflection in the y-axis
y 4 3
2 1
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
The B is the image of A under a reflection in the y-axis
revision
REFLECTION
Properties of Reflection
The object and image are identical in shape and size The axis of reflection acts as the axis of symmetry between the objects and its image All points in the axis of reflection remain in their respective positions The image is laterally inverted
Launching..
ROTATION ROTATION

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ROTATION
Rotation is a form of transformation in which all points in a plane are rotated through an angle in a certain direction about a point The point is called the centre of rotation while the angle is referred to as the angle of rotation
Direction of rotation A Angle of rotation A
In the diagram, point A is rotated clockwise through an angle of 900 about the point 0
Centre of rotation
The transformation R represents a 900 clockwise rotation about the center (3, 6). State the coordinates of the image of the point F under the transformation R.
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
900 clockwise rotation about the center C.
900 clockwise rotation about the center C.
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
The transformation S represents a 900 anticlockwise rotation about the center (11, 5). State the coordinates of the image of the point F under the transformation S.
y 10 8 6 4 2
F F
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 4 2 x
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
F(6, 2)
10
12
14
The transformation S represents a 900 anticlockwise rotation about the center (11, 5). State the coordinates of the image of the point F under the transformation S.
y 10 8 6 4 2
F
10
12
14
The transformation R represents a 900 anticlockwise rotation about the center (3, 2). State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
2
K
-4
-2
-2
-4
The transformation R represents a 900 anticlockwise rotation about the center (3, 2). State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
2
K
-4
-2
4
K(4,-2)
-2
-4
The transformation R represents a 1800 rotation about the center (1, 1). State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R. y 4
K
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
-4
The transformation R represents a 1800 rotation about the center (1, 1). State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K
-4
-2
K(-2, -1)
x 2 4 6
-2
-4
The transformation R represents a 1800 rotation about the origin. State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
K(-2, -3)
-4
The transformation R represents a 900 clockwise rotation about the origin. State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
K(3, -2)
-4
The transformation R represents a 900 anticlockwise rotation about the origin. State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K K(-3, 2)
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
-4
Hot Tips - Rotations

y 4
K (2,3) K (-3,2)
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
K (3,-2)
K(-2,-3)
-4
Hot Tips
Determining the coordinates of the image under a rotation about the origin
POINT THROUGH IMAGE
(x,y) 900 clockwise (x,y) 900 anticlockwise (x,y) 1800
(y,-x) (-y,x) (-x,-y)
Hot Tips
Determining the coordinates of the image under a rotation through 900 clockwise about the origin
POINT IMAGE
(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)
(3,-6) (5,2) (-4,7) (8,-1) (0,-9)
Hot Tips
Determining the coordinates of the image under a rotation through 900 anticlockwise about the origin
POINT IMAGE
(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)
(-3,6) (-5,-2) (4,-7) (-8, 1) (0, 9)
Hot Tips
Determining the coordinates of the image under a rotation through 1800 about the origin
POINT IMAGE
(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)
(-6,-3) (2,-5) (7,4) (-1, -8) (-9, 0)
The transformation R represents a 2700 clockwise rotation about the origin. State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K K(-3, 2)
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
-4
The transformation R represents a 2700 anticlockwise rotation about the origin. State the coordinates of the image of the point K under the transformation R.
y 4
K
2
-4
-2
x 2 4 6
-2
K(3, -2)
-4
Alert !!
A rotation of 2700 clockwise has the same effect as a rotation of 900 anticlockwise, given the same centre of rotation A rotation of 2700 anticlockwise has the same effect as a rotation of 900 clockwise, given the same centre of rotation
revision
ROTATION
Properties of Rotation
The object and its image have the same shapes, orientations and sizes The distances of the object and image from the centre of rotation are the same
Identifying The Angle and Direction of Rotation
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
0 90
-6
clockwise
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
0 90
-6
clockwise
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
-6
0 180
y 10 8 6 4 2 x
900 clockwise
10
12
14
If the object and its image under a rotation are given, the centre, angle and direction of the rotation can be determined.
C
In the Diagram 2 . ABC is the image of ABC under the rotation through 900 clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation
B A
B DIAGRAM 2
In the diagram below, ABC is the image of ABC under a rotation. Determine the centre of rotation
C
(1) Construct the perpendicular bisector of line AA (2) Construct the perpendicular bisector of line CC
A B
(3) The point of intersection between the two perpendicular bisectors is the centre of rotation
Centre of rotation
C C
A A B
B A
A B B C C
C C
A
A
B A
B
A
B B C
C C
A A B
B A
A B B Centre of rotation C C
C C
A A B
B A
A B B Centre of rotation C C
B A
B Centre of rotation
Determining The Centre of Rotation

In the Diagram 3, point A is the image of point A under the rotation through 900 anti clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
A centre of rotation
DIAGRAM 3
Q(3,6)
Q (6,3)
In the Diagram, point Q is the image of point Q under the rotation through 900 anticlockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
Q(3,6) Centre
Q (6,3)
In the Diagram, point Q is the image of point Q under the rotation through 900 anticlockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
Determining The Centre of Rotation In the Diagram 4, point Q is the image of point Q under the rotation through 900 anti clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
centre of rotation Q Q
DIAGRAM 4
In the Diagram 5 point T is the image of point T under the rotation through 900 clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
T centre of rotation
DIAGRAM 5
In the Diagram 6, point U is the image of point U under the rotation through 900 clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation. centre of rotation
DIAGRAM 6
Determining The Centre of Rotation In the Diagram 7, point W is the image of point W under the rotation through 900 clockwise. Determine the centre of rotation.
W centre of rotation
DIAGRAM 7
Triangle ACG is the image of triangle PQR under a rotation. Determine the centre of rotation.
y 10 8 6 A 4 2 Q 2 R 4 x P G C
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 A 4 2 Q 2 R 4 x P G C
6(7, 0) 8
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 A 4 2 Q 2 R 4 x P G C
6(7, 0) 8
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 A 4 2 Q 2 R 4 x P G C
6(7, 0) 8
10
12
14
y 10 8 6 A 4 2 Q 2 R 4 x P G C
6(7, 0) 8
10
12
14
Trapezium EFGH is the image of trapezium ABCD under a rotation. Determine the centre of rotation.
y 4 B C 2 A E 2 D F 4 x
-4
-2
-2
-4
y 4 B C 2
(1, 1)
A E 2
D F 4 x
-4
-2
-2
-4
y 4 B C 2
(1, 1)
A E 2
D F 4 x
-4
-2
-2
-4
y 4 B C 2 (1, 1) A E 2 D F 4 x
-4
-2
-2
-4
y 4 B C 2 (1, 1) A E 2 D F 4 x
-4
-2
-2
-4
Trapezium ABCD is the image of trapezium PQRS under a rotation. Determine the centre of rotation.
y
8 R 6 S P 4 D 2 A C B Q
y
8 R 6 S P 4 D (1, 3) 2 A B C Q
y
8 R 6 S P 4 D (1, 3) 2 A B C Q
y
8 R 6 S P 4 D (1, 3) 2 A B C Q
DESCRIBING A ROTATION
Alert !!
To describe a rotation, you must state the centre, angle and direction of the rotation
y
10 8 6 4 2
10
12
14
Rotation through 900 clockwise about the centre (7,0)
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
-6
Rotation through 900 clockwise about the origin
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
-6
Rotation through 900 clockwise about the centre (1,1)
y 4
2 x
-4
-2
0 -2
-4
-6
Rotation through 1800 about the origin
Launching..
ENLARGEMENT
WOW !!!

revision
ENLARGEMENT
Enlargement is a form of transformation involving invariant point called the centre of enlargement For instance, B
Under an enlargement, all points on a plane, except the centre of enlargement, will move from the centre of enlargement according to a certain ratio known as the scale factor
B A A O C C

revision ENLARGEMENT
ABC is
Under enlargement with centre O and scale factor k , mapped onto A B C . B
The scale factor, k = OA = OB = OC OA OB OC
B A A O C C
revision
ENLARGEMENT
Scale Factor
Scale Factor = Distance of a point on the image from the centre of enlargement Distance of the corresponding point on the object from the centre of enlargement Scale Factor = Length of one side of the image Length of the corresponding side of the object
PROPERTIES OF ENLARGEMENT
The object and its image are similar Every side of the object is parallel to the corresponding side of its image
If A is the image for A and P is the centre of enlargement, then

the scale factor k = PA PA
If the scale factor > 1, then the image is bigger than the object If the scale factor < 1, then the image is smaller than the object If the scale factor < 1, then the image is smaller than the object If the scale factor = 1, then all points on the plane remain in their respective
positions
Scale Factor, k > 1
The image is bigger than the object
Scale Factor, k < 1
The image is smaller than the object
Scale Factor, k <0
k<-1
k=-1 0<k<1
DESCRIBING ENLARGEMENT
O B A B
Square B is the image of square A under an enlargement with centre at point O and a scale factor of 2
y
5 4 C 3 2 1 A BA B Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under an enlargement with centre (1,1) and a scale factor 2 C
k > 0, k > 1
y
k > 0, k< 1
C
5 4
C
Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under an enlargement with centre (1,1) and a scale factor 1
3 2 1 0 1
A B A B x
A
A1 B1 0 C1
OABC is the image of OA1B1C1 An enlargement with centre O and B a scale factor of 3
PQRST is the image Of PKLMN
An enlargement with centre P and a scale factor of 2
PKLMN is the image Of PQRST
An enlargement with centre P and a scale factor of 1 2
y
k < 0, k = -1
C 5 4 3 2 1 0 C 1 2 3 4 5 x B A A B Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under an enlargement with centre (3,3) and a scale factor -1
y
k < 0, k < -1
4 3 2B 1 x A A C Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under an enlargement with centre (4,2) B and a scale factor -2
0 -1 -2 C
Determining The Centre of Enlargement

y
5
Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC Join the points of the object to the corresponding points of the image Extend these lines until they intersect one another at the centre of enlargement, O x
O
1
A 0 1 2
BA 3 4
B 5
AREA OF THE IMAGE P Q Q

= K2 x Area of The Object By Counting Area of PQ R S = 24 units2 Area of PQRS = 6 units2
R AREA OF THE IMAGE

= K2 x Area of The Object = 22 x 6 units2
In the diagram above, PQ R S is the image of PQRS under an enlargement with centre P and scale factor 2
= 24 units2
AREA OF THE IMAGE

A
OA1B1C1 is the object Scale Factor (k) = 3 Area of the object = 24.5 cm2
A1 B1 0 C1 C B
Area of the image 2 2 = 3 x 24.5 ! 220.5cm
AREA OF THE IMAGE

A
OA1B1C1 is the image Scale Factor (k) = 1 3 Area of the object =410.4 cm2
A1 B1 0 C1 C B Area of the image
1 2 2 = ( ) x 410.4 ! 45.6cm 3
AREA OF THE IMAGE

A
OA1B1C1 is the object Scale Factor (k) = 3 Area of the object = 24.5 cm2
A1 B1 0 C1 B
Area of the red colored region

! (3 x 24.5) 24.5
2
C ! 196cm 2
AREA OF THE OBJECT
Scale Factor (k) = 2 Area of the green colored region = 124.5 cm2 Area of the object (y)
(2 xy ) y ! 124.5
2
3 y ! 124.5 y ! 41.5cm
2
AREA OF THE OBJECT

Scale Factor (k) = 2 Area of the image = 220 cm2 Area of the object
220 ! 2 2 ! 55cm 2
Determining the coordinates of the image under an enlargement with scale factor k about the origin
y 10 8
Hot Tips
R R P P Q
4 6 8 10 12 14 x
From the diagram, scale factor of an enlargement, k = 2

POINT IMAGE
P(2,1) Q(5,1) R(2,4)
P(4,2) Q(10,2) R(4,8)
The coordinates of the image under an enlargement with scale factor, k about the origin is (kx, ky)
Determining the coordinates of the image under an enlargement with scale factor k about the origin
POINT SCALE FACTOR, K IMAGE
Hot Tips
(1,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (4,8) (0,2)
2 3 4 0.5 2.5
(2,6) (-6,15) (-28,-16) (2,4) (0,5)
COMBINATION OF TWO TRANSFORMATIONS

Suppose P and Q represent two transformations PQ means transformation Q is carried out first, followed by transformation P QP means transformation P is carried out first, followed by transformation Q
EXAMPLE
y
P is a translation
3 1
C 5 C 4 B 3 A 2 1 B A
X=3 C
Q is a reflection in the line x = 3 Draw the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformation QP Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformation QP
x
B 1
EXAMPLE
y C 5 A 4 3 2 1 0 1 C B 2 3 4 1 5 A B A B C 2
1 P is a translation 2 Q is a clockwise rotation of 900 about the centre (1,2) Draw the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformation PQ Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under the combined x transformation PQ
EXAMPLE
y C
2 P is a translation -1
Q is an enlargement of scale factor 2 with centre (1,2) Draw the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformation QP
2
-1 C
5 4 3 A 2 1
B
A
B A
Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformation QP

x
State the coordinates of the image of a point under a combined transformation

2 Transformation P is a translation . 5
Transformation Q is a reflection in the x = -2. Transformation R is an anticlockwise rotation of 900 about the origin. Transformation S is an enlargement of scale factor 2 with centre (0,2). Find the coordinates of the image of point E (2,3) under each of the following combined transformations (a) PQ (b) PR (c) RS
Solution (a)
E 2 -5
-6 -5 -4 -3
x=-2
5 4 3 2 1
-2
-1
0 -1 -2 -3
-4 The image of point E(2,3) under
the combined transformations -5 PQ is E (-4,-2)
Solution (b)
E
5 4 3 2 1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2
E-3
the combined transformations -5 PR is E (-1,-3)
Solution (c)
E
5 4 3 2 1
E E
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2 -3
the combined transformations -5 RS is E (-4,-4)
Specify a transformation which is equivalent to the combination of two isometric transformations

4 Transformation P is a translation . 4
Transformation Q is a reflection in the x = 2. Transformation R is a reflection in the line y=-1. Transformation S is an anticlockwise rotation of 900 about the origin O. The diagram shows the position of a triangle G. Using triangle G as the object, state a single transformation which is transformation which is equivalent to each combined transformation below (a) QR (b) SP
Solution (a)
G
-6
x=2
4 3 2 1
Q G
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2 -3 -4
y=-1
The equivalent transformation -5 is a rotation of 1800 about the -6 centre (2,-1)
Solution (b)
4 3 2 1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0 -1 -2 -3 -4
G 1 G
The equivalent transformation -5 is an anticlockwise rotation of -6 900 about the centre (0,-4)
13. (a) Diagram 8 shows the point F on a Cartesian plane.

y 10
F
8
2 x
10
12
14
DIAGRAM 8
5 Transformation S is a translation . 2
Transformation T is a reflection in the x = 9. (i) State the coordinates of the image of point F under transformation S. State the coordinates of image of point F under transformation TS.
(ii)
[3 marks]
solution
y 10 8 F (6,7) F (12,7) F
x=9 13(a) (i) (12,7) (ii) (6,7)
2 x
10
12
14
(b) Diagram 10 shows three triangle PQR, ACG and EFG on a Cartesian plane.
y 10 8 6 A 4 P 2 Q 2 R 4 6 8 10 12 14 x G C E F
DIAGRAM 10
Triangle ACG is the image of triangle PQR under transformation V. Trapezium EFG is the image of triangle ACG under transformation W. (i) Describe in full transformation : (a) V (b) W [6 marks] (ii) Given that the area of triangle EFG represents a region of area 72 unit2.Calculate the area, in unit2, of the region represented by triangle PQR. [3 marks]
13(b) i (a)
y 10 8 6 A 4 P 2 Q 2 R 4 x G C
Rotation through 900 clockwise
10
12
14
13(b) i (a)
y 10 8 6 A 4 P 2 Q 2 R 4 x G C
6 (7, 0) 8
10
12
14
V = Rotation through 900 clockwise about the point(7,0)
13(b) i (b) W = An enlargement with centre G and a scale factor of 3

y 10 8 6 4 P G 2 Q 2 R 4 6 8 10 12 14 DIAGRAM 6 x C F
Scale factor = 6 = 3 2
6
A
2
E
(ii) 32 x Area of PQR = 72 Area of PQR = 8 unit2

y 10 8 6 A 4 P G 2 Q 2 R 4 6 8 10 12 14 DIAGRAM 6 x C E F
72cm
solution
13. (b) (i) (a) V = Rotation through 900 clockwise about the point (7,0) (b) W = An enlargement with centre G and a scale factor of 3 (ii) 32 x Area of PQR = 72 Area of PQR = 8 unit2 P3
P3 K1 N1
solution
13. (b) (i) (a) V = Rotation, 900 clockwise, centre (7,0) P3 P3
(b) W = Enlargement, centre G, scale factor 3
K1 N1
solution
13. (b) (i) (a) V = Rotation, 900 clockwise, centre (0,7) P2 P2
(b) W = Enlargement, centre G, scale factor 3
K1 N1
(b) Diagram 8 shows three trapezium ABCD, RSTU and WSYX on a Cartesian plane y
10 W R S 8 6 T 4 X Y -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 D O 2 4 C 6 A B
-12
DIAGRAM 8 WSYX is the image of ABCD under combined transformation UV. (i) Describe in full transformation : (a) V (b) U
y
10 W R S 8 6 T 4 Y -2 2 D O 2 4 C 6 A B
SY 6 ! !2 ST 3
3
X
-8
-10 -8 -6 -4
-12
8 V = Translation 3
U = Enlargement Centre S
Scale Factor 2
8 V = Translation 3 U = An enlargement with centre S and a scale factor of 2 U = Enlargement with centre S and scale factor 2 U = Enlargement, centre S, scale factor 2 U = Enlargement, scale factor 2, centre S U = Enlargement with scale factor 2 and centre S
(b) Diagram 9 shows quadrilateral , ABCD, PQRS and EFGH, drawn on a Cartesian Plane y Describe in full transformations H G 6 a) S R S D C 4 b) Q 2 P -4 Q -2 O -2 -4 Diagram 9 PQRS is the image of ABCD under transformation S and EFGH is the image of PQRS under transformation Q. 2 E B 4 A 6 F 8
-12 -10
-8
-6
10
y 6 S R 4 2 P -4 Q -2 O -2 -4 2 B 4 E A 6 F 8 H C D G
HG 8 ! !2 SR 4
10
-12 -10
-8
-6
x=1
V = Reflection in the line x = 1
U = Enlargement
Centre (-11,2) Scale Factor 2
Created By; Mohd Said B Tegoh SMK Seri Sepang

Transformations III 2011 (New)

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Launching..

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

means a movement of x units

parallel to the x-axis and a movement of y units parallel to the y-axis

The translation shown in the diagram 1

x represents the movement to the right or left which

y represents the movement upwards or downwards which is parallel to the y-axis

then its image will be A (x + m , y + n) Coordinate of image, A = (1 + 3 , 3 + 1) = (4 , 4)

Determining the coordinates of the image under a translation

(2  2,5  5) ! (0,10)

?0  (3),3  2A! (3,1)

? 8  7, (7)  (1)A! (1,8) ? 9  (5),1  (1)A! (14,0)

The point A is the image of point A under a translation 4

The point A is the image of point A under a translation 4

The point A is the image of point A under a translation -5

The A is the image of A under a translation -5

Triangle A B C is the image of triangle ABC under a translation

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

Determining the coordinates of the image under a reflection

(x,y) (x,y) (x,y) (x,y)

x-axis y-axis line y=x line y=-x

(x,-y) (-x,y) (y,x) (-y,-x)

Determining the coordinates of the image under a reflection

(-2,-5) (-4,-3) (-9,6) (7,8)

The point B is the image of point A under a reflection in the y-axis

The B is the image of A under a reflection in the y-axis

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

900 clockwise rotation about the center C.

900 clockwise rotation about the center C.

Hot Tips - Rotations

(x,y) 900 clockwise (x,y) 900 anticlockwise (x,y) 1800

(y,-x) (-y,x) (-x,-y)

(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)

(3,-6) (5,2) (-4,7) (8,-1) (0,-9)

(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)

(-3,6) (-5,-2) (4,-7) (-8, 1) (0, 9)

(6,3) (-2,5) (-7,-4) (1,8) (9,0)

(-6,-3) (2,-5) (7,4) (-1, -8) (-9, 0)

Identifying The Angle and Direction of Rotation

Determining The Centre of Rotation

Determining The Centre of Rotation

Determining The Centre of Rotation

Rotation through 900 clockwise about the centre (7,0)

Rotation through 900 clockwise about the origin

Rotation through 900 clockwise about the centre (1,1)

Rotation through 1800 about the origin

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

CHAPTER 3 : TRANSFORMATIONS III

Under enlargement with centre O and scale factor k , mapped onto A B C . B

The scale factor, k = OA = OB = OC OA OB OC

 If A is the image for A and P is the centre of enlargement, then

Scale Factor, k > 1

The image is bigger than the object

Scale Factor, k < 1

The image is smaller than the object

Scale Factor, k <0

An enlargement with centre P and a scale factor of 2

An enlargement with centre P and a scale factor of 1 2

Determining The Centre of Enlargement

AREA OF THE IMAGE P Q Q

(2 2,5 5) ! (0,10)

?0 (3),3 2A! (3,1)

? 8 7, (7) (1)A! (1,8) ? 9 (5),1 (1)A! (14,0)

If A is the image for A and P is the centre of enlargement, then