EDU 5043 : INNOVATION IN INSTRUCTION

Masreen Naslony

History of Language Teaching

The Grammar Translation Method based on no theory / method Principal characteristics :
learn a language to read it analysis of grammar rules translation of texts / sentences focus on reading and writing

The Grammar Translation Method

The first language is maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.
(Stern, 1983:455)

The Reform Movement

The International Phonetic Association (IPA) founded in 1886 Linguists set forth principles for the development of teaching method
C. Marcel (1793 1896) T. Prendergast (1806 1886) F. Gouin (1831 1896) Henry Sweet (1845 1912) Wilhelm Vietor (1850 1918)

The Direct Method

Based on the foundation of the Natural Method intensive oral interaction in the target language, L. Sauveur (1826 1907) Maximillian Berlitz commercial language schools TDM aka Berlitz Method

Edward Anthony (1963)

APPROACH

- a set of related assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning - an approach is axiomatic (self evident/do not require explanation)
- an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based upon a selected approach - it is procedural within one approach, there can be many methods - it is what takes place in the classroom - a particular trick, stratagem or contrivance (mechanical device) used to accomplish an immediate objective consistent with method and in harmony with an approach

METHOD

TECHNIQUE

Richards & Rodgers (1986)

Method

Approach

Design

Procedure

Method
an umbrella term for the specification and interrelation of theory and practice APPROACH
a. Theory of the nature of language b. Theory of the nature of PROCEDURE language learning a. Classroom techniques, practices and behaviours observed when the method is used

DESIGN
a. b. c. d. e. f. Objectives Syllabus Activities Learner roles Teacher roles Role of instructional materials

Theory of Language
Structural View Most traditional Language is a system Target of language learning is to master the system Phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations and lexical (words/vocab) items Audiolingual Method, Total Physical Response, Silent Way Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning Semantic (meanings of words) and communication dimension Communicative approaches Language as the tool for the creation and maintenance of social relations Interaction analysis, conversation analysis, and ethnomethodology (the way people interact) Functional View Interactional View

Theory of Language Learning

Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism

References 1. Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, 2nd Edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman 2. Harmer, J. (2007). The Practise of English Language Teaching, 4th Edition. Essex: Pearson 3. Richards, J.C. & Rodgers, T.S. (1991). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A description and analysis. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press 4. Scheidt, S. (2009). A Visual Representation on Theories of Learning. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq9XIrNGgoQ

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