WCDMA Principle 20100208 A V1.0

Internal
WCDMA Principle
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
> Describe the development of 3G > Outline the advantage of CDMA principle > Characterize code sequence > Outline the fundamentals of RAN > Describe feature of wireless propagation
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Contents
3G Overview CDMA Principle WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure WCDMA Wireless Fundamental Physical Layer Overview Physical Channels Physical Layer Procedure
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Different Service, Different Technology

1G 1980s Analog
AMPS
2G 1990s Digital
GSM CDMA IS-95 TDMA IS-136 PDC
3G IMT-2000
UMTS WCDMA
Demands drive
TACS NMT Others
Technologies drive
cdma 2000 TDSCDMA
3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Different Service, Different Technology

1G 1980s Analog
AMPS
2G 1990s Digital
GSM CDMA IS-95 TDMA IS-136 PDC
3G IMT-2000
UMTS WCDMA
Demands drive
TACS NMT Others
Technologies drive
cdma 2000 TDSCDMA
3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

3G Evolution
Proposal of 3G
> IMT-2000: the general name of third generation mobile communication system > The third generation mobile communication was first proposed in 1985 and was renamed as IMT-2000 in the year of 1996 Commercialization: around the year of 2000 Work band : around 2000MHz The highest service rate :up to 2000Kbps
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3G Spectrum Allocation
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Bands WCDMA Used

Main bands
> 1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz

Supplementary bands: different country maybe different
> 1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 MHz ~ 1990 MHz (USA) > 1710 ~ 1785MHz / 1805 ~ 1880MHz (Japan) > 890 ~ 915MHz / 935 ~ 960MHz (Australia) >. . .
Frequency channel number
central frequency5, for main band: 9612 9888 10838
> UL frequency channel number
> DL frequency channel number : 10562
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3G Application Service
Error Ratio
conversational
streaming
interactive
background
Time Delay
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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA

WCDMA
CN: based on MAP and GPRS RTT: WCDMA
cdma2000
CN: based on ANSI 41 and MIP RTT: cdma2000
TD-SCDMA
CDMA
CN: based on MAP and GPRS RTT: TD-SCDMA
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Contents
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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

Multiple Access Technology
> Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) > Time division multiple access (TDMA) > Code division multiple access (CDMA)
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Multiple Access Technology

FDMA TDMA
Power Power
CDMA
Power
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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

Duplex Technology
> Frequency division duplex (FDD) > Time division duplex (TDD)
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Duplex Technology
Power
Time
USER 2
FDD
UL
USER 1
DL
Frequency
Power
Time
DL UL DL DL UL
USER 2 USER 1
TDD
Frequency
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Contents
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WCDMA Network Architecture

CN
CS Iu-CS RNS Iur RNC RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B Iub Node B PS Iu-PS Core Network CS Iu-CS RNS PS Iu-PS
UTRAN
Iub Node B
UE
Uu
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WCDMA Network Version Evolution
GSM/GPRS CN WCDMA RTT
CS domain change to NGN WCDMA RTT
IMS HSDPA
MBMS HSUPA
3GPP Rel6
3GPP Rel5
3GPP Rel99
3GPP Rel4
2000
2001
2002
2005
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WCDMA Network Version Evolution

Features of R6
> MBMS is introduced > HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps
Features of R7
> HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO > Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps
Features of R8
> WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced > OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA > Max DL rate: 50Mbps, Max UL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)
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Uu Interface protocol structure

GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC C-plane signaling Nt DC U-plane information control UuS boundary
control
control
RRC
control control
L3
PDCP PDCP BMC RLC
L2/PDCP L2/BMC L2/RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC RLC RLC
RLC
MAC PHY
L2/MAC L1
General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface

The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are
logically independent of each other.
Radio Network Layer
Control Plane Application Protocol

Transport Network User Plane Transport Network Control Plane
User Plane Data Stream(s)
Transport Network Layer
Transport Network User Plane
ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer(s) Signaling Bearer(s)

Physical Layer
Data Bearer(s)
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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface

The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are
logically independent of each other.
Radio Network Layer
Control Plane Application Protocol

Transport Network User Plane Transport Network Control Plane
User Plane Data Stream(s)
ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer(s) Signaling Bearer(s)

Physical Layer
Data Bearer(s)
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Iu-CS Interface
Radio Network Layer
Control Plane RANAP User plane Iu UP
Transport Network Control Plane
ALCAP
SCCP A MTP3-B SAAL NNI B MTP3-B SAAL NNI AAL2 PATH
ATM Physical Layer
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Iu-PS Interface
Radio Network Layer
Control Plane RANAP User plane Iu UP
Transport Network User Plane SCCP
Transport Network User Plane GTP-U
MTP3-B C SAAL NNI UDP IP AAL Type 5
ATM Physical Layer
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Iub Interface
Radio Network Layer Control Plane NBAP NCP CCP Transport Network Control Plane Transport Network Layer Transport Network User Plane Transport Network User Plane User plane Iub FP
ALCAP
SAAL UNI
SAAL UNI
AAL2 PATH
ATM Physical Layer
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Iur Interface
Radio Network Layer
Control Plane RANAP User plane Iur Data Stream
Transport Network Control Plane
ALCAP
SCCP A MTP3-B SAAL NNI B MTP3-B SAAL NNI AAL2 PATH
ATM Physical Layer
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Contents
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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
Service Signal
Source Coding
Channel Coding & Interleaving
Spreading
Modulation
Transmission
bit
symbol
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Service Signal
Source Decoding
Channel Decoding Despreading & Deinterleaving
Demodulation
Reception
Receiver
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WCDMA Source Coding

AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) Speech
CODEC Bit Rate (kbps) 12.2 (GSM EFR) 10.2 7.95 7.4 (TDMA EFR) 6.7 (PDC EFR) 5.9 5.15 4.75
> A integrated speech codec with 8 source rates > The AMR bit rates can be controlled by the RAN depending on the system load and quality of the speech connections
Video Phone Service
AMR_12.20
AMR_10.20 AMR_7.95 AMR_7.40 AMR_6.70 AMR_5.90 AMR_5.15 AMR_4.75
> H.324 is used for VP Service in CS domain > Includes: video codec, speech codec, data protocols, multiplexing and etc.
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Transmitter
Service Signal Source Coding Channel Coding & Interleaving Spreading
Modulation
Transmission
bit
symbol
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Service Signal
Source Decoding
Demodulation
Reception
Receiver
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WCDMA Block Coding - CRC

Block coding is used to detect if there are any uncorrected
errors left after error correction.

The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a common method of
block coding.
Adding the CRC bits is done before the channel encoding and
they are checked after the channel decoding.
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WCDMA Channel Coding

Effect
> Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when interference occurs > Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay
Types
> No Coding > Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3) > Turbo Coding (1/3)
No Coding 1/2 Convolutional Coding Code Block of N Bits 1/3 Convolutional Coding 1/3 Turbo Coding Uncoded N bits Coded 2N+16 bits Coded 3N+24 bits Coded 3N+12 bits
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WCDMA Interleaving
Effect
> Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error > Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay
Input bits 0010000 ... 10111
0 0 ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... 0
0 0 ... ... 1 1 0 ... ... 1
1 0 ... ... 1 0 0 ... ... 1
0 ... ... 1 1 0 ... ... 1 1
Interleaving periods: 20, 40, or 80 ms
000101001011
Output bits
Inter-column permutation
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Service Signal
Source Coding
Spreading
Modulation
Transmission
bit
symbol
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Service Signal
Source Decoding
Demodulation
Reception
Receiver
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Correlation
Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals. Identical and Orthogonal signals:
+1
C1
-1 +1
C2
-1 +1
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1
Correlation = 1 Identical signals
C1 C2
+1 -1 +1 +1 -1
-1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1
Correlation = 0 Orthogonal signals
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Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding

UE1: UE2: 1 1 1 1
C1 : C2 : UE1c1 UE2c2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
UE1c1
UE2c2
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Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding

UE1C1 UE2C2: 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
UE1 Dispreading by c1: Dispreading result: Integral judgment:
1 2
1 0 1)
1 2
1 0
1 2
1 0 1) 2 0
4 (means
4 (means
UE2 Dispreading by c2: Dispreading result: Integral judgment:
1 2
1 0
1 2
1 0 1)
1 2
1 0 2 0 1)
4 (means
4 (means
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

P(f) Spreading code P(f)
f Narrowband signal
f Broadband signal P(f)
f Noise & Other Signal
Recovered signal P(f)
Signal Combination
Noise+Broadband signal P(f)
Spreading code
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading
Eb / No = Ec / No PG
Power
Ebit
Eb/No Requiremen t
Max allowed interference
Processing Gain
Max interference caused by UE and others
Interference from other UE
Echip
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Process Gain
Process Gain
chip rate Pr ocess Gain ! 10 log( ) bit rate

> Process gain differs for each service. > If the service bit rate is greater, the process gain is smaller, UE needs more power for this service, then the coverage of this service will be smaller, vice versa.
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Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps:
> Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips > Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal
Data symbol
Chips after spreading
channelization
scrambling
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WCDMA Channelization Code

OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used as
channelization code
Cch,4,0 = (1,1,1,1) C ch,2,0 = (1,1) Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1) C ch,1,0 = (1) Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1) Cch,2,1 = (1, -1) Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
Cch,8,0 = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) Cch,8,1 = (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1) Cch,8,2 = (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1) Cch,8,3 = (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1) Cch,8,4 = (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1) Cch,8,5 = (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1) Cch,8,6 = (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1) Cch,8,7 = (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
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SF = 8
WCDMA Channelization Code

SF = chip rate / symbol rate
> High data rates > Low data rates

Radio bearer Speech 12.2 UL Data 64 kbps UL Data 128 kbps UL Data 144 kbps UL Data 384 kbps UL
low SF code high SF code
SF 64 16 8 8 4
Radio bearer Speech 12.2 DL Data 64 kbps DL Data 128 kbps DL Data 144 kbps DL Data 384 kbps DL
SF 128 32 16 16 8
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Purpose of Channelization Code

Channelization code is used to distinguish different physical
channels of one transmitter > For downlink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is used to separate different physical channels of one cell > For uplink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is used to separate different physical channels of one UE
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Purpose of Scrambling Code

Scrambling code is used to distinguish different transmitters
> For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cells in one carrier > For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different UEs in one carrier
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence. There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used for
scrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by RNC.
For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used.
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Primary Scrambling Code Group

Primary scrambling code 0 Group 0 Primary scrambling code 1 Primary scrambling code 8 Primary scrambling code 8*63
Primary scrambling codes for downlink physical channels
Group 1
Group 63
Primary scrambling code 8*63 +7
512 primary scrambling codes
64 primary scrambling code groups

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Each group consists of 8 primary scrambling codes
Code Multiplexing
Downlink Transmission on a Cell Level
Scrambling code Channelization code 1 User 1 signal Channelization code 2 User 2 signal Channelization code 3 User 3 signal
NodeB
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Code Multiplexing
Uplink Transmission on a Cell Level
Scrambling code 1 Channelization code User 1 signal Scrambling code 2 Channelization code User 2 signal
NodeB
Scrambling code 3 Channelization code User 3 signal
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Service Signal
Source Coding
Spreading
Modulation
Transmission
bit
symbol
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Service Signal
Source Decoding
Demodulation
Reception
Receiver
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Modulation Overview
Data to be transmitted: Digital Input
0
time
Basic steady radio wave: carrier = A.cos(2TFt+J) Amplitude Shift Keying: A.cos(2TFt+J) Frequency Shift Keying: A.cos(2TFt+J) Phase Shift Keying: A.cos(2TFt+J)
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Modulation Overview
Digital Modulation - BPSK
1
1
Digital Input
10
Information signal
t
NRZ coding
t
-1
High Frequency Carrier
Carrier
fo
10 J=0 J=T J=0
Modulated BPSK signal BPSK
BPSK Waveform
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Modulation Overview
Digital Modulation - QPSK
1 NRZ Input I di-Bit Stream Q di-Bit Stream 1 1 1 2 1 3 -1 -1 1 4 1 5 -1 -1 1 6 1 7 1 1 -1 8 -1 9 -1 -1 -1 10 -1
I Component
Q Component
QPSK Waveform 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Modulation Overview
A NRZ coding Acos([ot) I(t)
fo QPSK
90
o
NRZ coding A
Q(t)
Acos([ot + T/2)
QPSK:A 2 cos([o J)

J 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 T/4 7T/4 3T/4 5T/4
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Demodulation
QPSK Constellation Diagram
1 QPSK Waveform
10
1,1
-1,1
-1,1 1,-1 -1,-1
NRZ Output
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
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WCDMA Modulation
Different modulation methods corresponding to different
transmitting abilities in air interface
R99/R4: QPSK
HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAM
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Transmitter
Service Signal Source Coding Channel Coding Spreading
Modulation
Transmission
bit
symbol
chip
modulated signal
Radio Channel
Service Signal
Source Decoding
Channel Decoding
Despreading
Demodulation
Reception
Receiver
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Wireless Propagation
Transmitted Signal
Amplitude
Transmission Loss: Path Loss + Multi-path Fading
Received Signal
Time
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Propagation of Radio Signal

20 15 10 5 dBm 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40
Signal at Transmitter
Signal at Receiver
dB
Fading
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Fading Categories
Fading Categories
> Slow Fading > Fast Fading
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Diversity Technique
Diversity technique is used to obtain uncorrelated signals for
combining > Reduce the effects of fading Fast fading caused by multi-path Slow fading caused by shadowing > Improve the reliability of communication > Increase the coverage and capacity
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Diversity
Time diversity
> Channel coding, Block interleaving

Frequency diversity
> The user signal is distributed on the whole bandwidth frequency spectrum
Space diversity Polarization diversity
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Principle of RAKE Receiver
Correlator 1 Correlator 2 Receive set Correlator 3 Searcher correlator s(t) s(t) Calculate the time delay and signal strength Combiner The combined signal
RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance the receive performance of the system
Contents
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UTRAN Network Structure

CN
CS Iu-CS RNS Iur RNC RNC Iub NodeB Iub NodeB Iub NodeB PS Iu-PS Core Network CS Iu-CS RNS PS Iu-PS
UTRAN
Iub NodeB
Uu
UE
Uu Interface Protocol Structure

GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC C-plane signaling Nt DC U-plane information control UuS boundary
control
control
RRC
control control
L3
radio bearer PDCP PDCP BMC RLC
L2/PDCP L2/BMC L2/RLC

logical channel
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC RLC RLC
RLC
MAC PHY
L2/MAC
transport channel
L1
RAB, RB and RL
RAB RB UE RL NodeB
RNC
CN
UTRAN
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Contents
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WCDMA Radio Interface Channel Definition

Logical Channel = information container
> Defined by <What type of information> is transferred

Transport Channel = characteristics of transmission
> Described by <How> and with <What characteristics> data is transmitted over the radio interface
Physical Channel = specification of the information global content
> providing the real transmission resource, maybe a frequency , a specific set of codes and phase
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Logical Channel
Dedicated traffic channel Common traffic channel
(DTCH) (CTCH) Traffic channel
Broadcast control channel Paging control channel Dedicate control channel Common control channel
(BCCH) (PCCH) (DCCH) (CCCH) Control channel
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Logical Channel
Dedicated traffic channel Common traffic channel
(DTCH) (CTCH) Traffic channel
Broadcast control channel Paging control channel Dedicate control channel Common control channel
(BCCH) (PCCH) (DCCH) (CCCH) Control channel
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Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel
(DCH)
Dedicated transport channel
Broadcast channel Forward access channel (FACH) Paging channel Random access channel
(BCH) Common transport channel
(PCH) (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH)
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Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.

In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.

Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.

Two types of physical channel: UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, Code, Phase
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Downlink Physical Channel

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH) Downlink Common Physical Channel
>Primary Common Control Physical Channel
(P-CCPCH)
>Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) >Synchronization Channel >Paging Indicator Channel >Acquisition Indicator Channel >Common Pilot Channel (SCH) (PICH) (AICH) (CPICH)
>High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) >High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
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Uplink Physical Channel

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
> Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH) > Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH) > High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)
Uplink Common Physical Channel
> Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
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Function of Physical Channel

Cell Search Channels
P-CPICH--Primary Common Pilot Channel SCH--Synchronisation Channel P-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical Channel
Paging Channels
PICH--Paging Indicator Channel SCCPCH--Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
Random Access Channels
NodeB
AICH--Acquisition Indicator Channel PRACH--Physical Random Access Channel
UE
Dedicated Channels
DPDCH--Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPCCH--Dedicated Physical Control Channel
High Speed Downlink Share Channels

HS-SCCH--High Speed Share Control Channel HS-PDSCH--High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel HS-DPCCH--High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
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Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH)

Used for cell search Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of every time slot
Primary synchronization code is transmitted repeatedly in each time slot
Secondary synchronization code specifies the scrambling code groups of the cell
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Primary SCH Secondary SCH
ac p
i,0
ac p
i,1
ac p
i,14
ac s
ac s
acs
256 chips 2560 chips One 10 ms SCH radio frame
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Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)

Scrambling Code Group Group 0 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 61 Group 62 Group 63 #0 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 #1 1 1 2 2 2 10 11 12 #2 2 5 1 3 16 13 12 10 #3 8 16 15 1 6 10 15 15 #4 9 7 5 8 6 11 12 13 #5 10 3 5 6 11 15 9 14 slot number #6 #7 #8 15 14 12 5 15 15 13 9 8 16 16 2 5 9 13 14 10 3 6 5 12 16 11 15 #9 16 10 11 8 1 12 14 11 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 2 5 2 4 15 14 10 11 7 12 16 4 12 13 16 13 15 14 11 6 16 16 15 12 7 12 15 3 11 14 14 16 16 10 12 7 2 11 16 10
Slot # ? P-SCH S-SCH
Slot #?
Slot #?
acp 16
256 chips
acp 6
acp 11
..
Group 2 Slot 7, 8, 9
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Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)

Primary PCPICH
> Carrying pre-defined sequence > Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0, Fixed rate 30Kbps > Scrambled by the primary scrambling code > Broadcast over the entire cell > A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and downlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot # i 1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
Slot #14
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)

Carrying BCH transport channel Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps
Cch, 256, 1)
The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time
slot
256 chips PCCPCH Data SCH 18 bits T slot = 2560 chips,20 bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i 1 radio frame: T = 10 ms
Slot #14
All rights reserved
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

Carrying Paging Indicators (PI) Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256 N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,
or 144
288 bits for paging indication

b0 b 1
12 bits (undefined)
b 287 b 288 b 299
One radio frame (10 ms)
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)

Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4
> Pilot: used for demodulation > TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe data format
TFCI N TFCI bits
Data N Data bits T slot = 2560 chips, 20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
Pilot N Pilot bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i 1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Slot #14
All rights reserved
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Carrying uplink signaling and data, consist of two parts:
> One or several preambles: 16 kinds of available preambles > 10 or 20ms message part
Preamble 4096 chips
Preamble
Preamble
Message part
10 ms (one radio frame) Message part 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble 4096 chips
Preamble
Preamble
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PRACH Message Structure
Data
Data N data bits
Control
Pilot N Pilot bits T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3)
TFCI N TFCI bits
Slot # 0
Slot # 1
Slot # i
Slot # 14
Message part radio frame T = 10 ms
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
radio frame: 10 ms 5120 chips
radio frame: 10 ms
#1 Access slot #0 Access slot #1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission
Access slot #7 Access slot #8
Access slot #14
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

Carrying the Acquisition Indicators (AI), SF = 256
> There are 16 kinds of Signature to generate AI
AI part a0 a1 a2 a30 a31 a32 a33
Unused part a38 a39
AS #14
AS #0
AS #1
AS #i 20 ms
AS #14
AS #0
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

Uplink DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code division multiplexed
(CDM) within each radio frame

DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer, the
OVSF code is Cch,SF,SF/4, where SF is from 256 to 4

DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1, the
OVSF code is Cch,256,0
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
DPDCH Pilot Npilot bits
Data Ndata bits TFCI NTFCI bits FBI NFBI bits TPC NTPC bits
DPCCH
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
All rights reserved
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

Downlink DPDCH and DPCCH is time division multiplexing
(TDM).
DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1 SF of downlink DPCH is from 512 to 4
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH (DPDCH+DPCCH)
DPDCH Data1 Ndata1 bits
DPCCH TPC NTPC bits TFCI NTFCI bits
DPDCH Data2 Ndata2 bits
DPCCH Pilot Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=-1..6)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
All rights reserved
High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from the
transport channel
SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Data Ndata1 bits Tslot = 2560 chips, M*10*2k bits (k=4)
Slot #0
Slot#1 1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Slot #2
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High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size (6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit) HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Data Ndata1 bits Tslot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Slot #0
Slot#1 1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Slot #2
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High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )

Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and
feedback information to the system for scheduling and link adaptation of transport block > CQI and ACK/NACK
Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256
Tslot = 2560 chips ACK/NACK
2v Tslot = 5120 chips CQI One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )
Subframe #0
Subframe #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Subframe #n
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Mapping Between Channels

Logical channels BCCH Transport channels BCH FACH PCCH CCCH PCH RACH FACH CTCH DCCH, DTCH FACH DCH HS-DSCH RACH, FACH Physical channels P-CCPCH S-CCPCH S-CCPCH PRACH S-CCPCH S-CCPCH DPDCH HS-PDSCH PRACH, S-CCPCH
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Contents
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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search

UE uses PSC to acquire slot synchronization to a cell
Slot Synchronization
Frame synchronization & Code Group Identification
UE uses SSC to find frame synchronization and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step
Scrambling Code Identification
UE determines the primary scrambling code through correlation over the PCPICH with all codes within the identified group, and then detects the PCCPCH and reads BCH information
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Random Access Procedure
START
Choose a RACH sub channel from available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble No AI Choose a access slot again Choose a signature and increase preamble transmit power The counter of preamble retransmit Subtract 1, Commanded preamble power increased by Power Ramp Step Y Counter> 0 & Preamble power < maximum allowed power N Set physical status to be Nack on AICH received Check the corresponding AI Get positive AI Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power Send the corresponding message part Get negative AI
Set physical status to be RACH message transmitted Report the physical status to MAC
Set physical status to be Nack on AICH received
END
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Transmit Diversity Mode

Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
Physical channel type Open loop mode TSTD P-CCPCH SCH S-CCPCH DPCH PICH HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH AICH applied STTD applied applied applied applied applied applied applied Closed loop mode Mode 1 applied applied Mode 2 applied
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Transmit Diversity - STTD

Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity
(STTD) > 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3 b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna 1
-b2 b3 b0 -b1 Antenna 2 Channel bits STTD encoded channel bits for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
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Transmit Diversity - TSTD

Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH
channel
Slot #0
Slot #1
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)
Slot #2
Slot #14
acp
Antenna 1
acp acs
i,2
acp acs
i,14
acs
i,0
(Tx OFF)
acp
i,1 acs
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
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Closed Loop Mode

Used in DPCH and HS-PDSCH
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Thank You
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WCDMA Principle 20100208 A V1.0

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Internal

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Different Service, Different Technology

TACS NMT Others

cdma 2000 TDSCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

Different Service, Different Technology

TACS NMT Others

cdma 2000 TDSCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

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Bands WCDMA Used

> 1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz

central frequency5, for main band: 9612 9888 10838

> UL frequency channel number

> DL frequency channel number : 10562

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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA

CN: based on MAP and GPRS RTT: TD-SCDMA

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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

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Multiple Access Technology

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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

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WCDMA Network Architecture

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WCDMA Network Version Evolution

GSM/GPRS CN WCDMA RTT

CS domain change to NGN WCDMA RTT

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WCDMA Network Version Evolution

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Uu Interface protocol structure

PDCP PDCP BMC RLC

L2/PDCP L2/BMC L2/RLC

RLC RLC RLC

General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface