PERCEPTION

What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?

The process by which people SELECT, ORGANIZE, INTERPRET, RETRIEVE, and RESPOND to information. It is the mental function of giving significance to stimuli such as SHAPES,COLOURS, MOVEMENT.TASTE, SOUNDS,TOUCH, SMELLS, PAIN, PRESSURES AND FEELINGS. Perception give rise to individual responses to particular situations. behavioural

Despite the fact that a group of people may physically see the same thing, they each have their own version of what is seen their perceived view of reality.
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What is the PERCEPTUAL PROCESS?

 Stages of the perceptual process. process.

Information Attention and Selection. Selection. Organization of Information. Information. Information Interpretation. Interpretation. Information Retrieval. Retrieval.

Factors That Influence Perception

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What do you see ?

GESTALT S PRINCIPLES Of ORGANIZING Acc to Gestalt School of Psychology led by Max Wertheimer the following principles are used for organizing the perceptual information:
FIGURE AND GROUND GROUPING CLOSURE

FIGURE AND GROUND :

It states that figures are seen against a background. These relationships is reversible .For Ex Textiles.

GROUPING:
It refers to the tendency to organise shapes and patterns instantly into meaningful groupings or patterns on the basis of their proximity/similarity.

CLOSURE
This is a tendency to complete an incomplete figure to (mentally) fill in the gaps and to perceive the figure as an whole. This create an overall whole. meaningful image, rather than an uncorrected series of lines or blobs. blobs.

What do you see ?

Response to the perceptual process.

Thoughts. Feelings. Actions.

COMMON PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS Or FREQUENTLY USED SHORTCUTS in Judging Others Stereotypes Halo effects. Selective perception. Projection. Contrast effects.

STEREOTYPES
Combines information based on the category or class to which a person, situation, or object belongs. belongs. Strong impact at the organization stage. stage. Individual differences are obscured/unclear/ not visible. visible.

HALO EFFECTS.
Occur when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the individual or situation. situation. Likely to occur in the organization stage. stage. Individual differences are obscured. obscured. Important in the performance appraisal process. process.

SELECTIVE PERCEPTION.
The tendency to single out those aspects of a situation, person, or object that are consistent with one s needs, values, or attitudes. attitudes. Strongest impact is at the attention stage. stage. Perception checking with other persons can help counter the adverse impact of selective perception. perception.

PROJECTION
The assignment of one s personal attributes to other individuals. individuals. Especially likely to occur in interpretation stage. stage. Projection can be controlled through a high degree of self-awareness and selfempathy. empathy.

CONTRAST EFFECTS.
Occur when an individual is compared to other people on the same characteristics on which the others rank higher or lower. lower.

Factors influencing Internal and External Attributions.

Distinctiveness: Distinctiveness shows different behaviors in different situations. Consensus: Consensus response is the same as others to same situation. Consistency: Consistency responds in the same way over time.

ATTRIBUTION THEORY
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Specific Applications in Organizations Employment Interview

Perceptual biases of raters affect the accuracy of interviewers judgments of applicants. applicants. Performance Expectations Self-fulfilling prophecy (PYGMALION EFFECT): The SelfEFFECT) lower or higher performance of employees reflects preconceived leader expectations about employee capabilities. capabilities. Ethnic Profiling A form of stereotyping in which a group of individuals is singled out typically on the basis of race or ethnicity for intensive inquiry, scrutinizing, or investigation.
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Specific Applications in Organizations (contd)

Performance Evaluations
Appraisals are often the subjective (judgmental) perceptions of appraisers of another employee s job performance. performance.

Employee Effort
Assessment of individual effort is a subjective judgment subject to perceptual distortion and bias. bias.

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PERCEPTION VIDEO

GuessYour guess is your perception