Operating Systems

Operating System

Definition:
Operating system --is a software that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware Operating System controls the execution of computer programs and which may provide scheduling, debugging, input/output control , accounting, compilation, storage assignment, data management and related service

Purpose
The purpose of a good operating system is to perform its following tasks:
(efficiently (reliably (securely (conveniently and (Socially.

Abstract View of System

User 1 User 2 User 3

...

User n

compiler

assembler

Text editor

Database system

System and Application Programs

Operating System
Computer Hardware

What are the functions of an operating system

Start the computer Provide a user interface Manage programs Manage memory Schedule jobs and configure devices Establish an Internet connection Monitor performance Provide file management other utilities Control a network Administer security

Types Of Operating System

There are different types of operating systems. These are as follows: 1. Real-time Operating System: It is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. 2. Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems: The operating systems of this type allow a multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. 3. Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems: When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system.

Types Of Operating System

Distributed Operating System: An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating system. 5. Embedded System: The operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems are known as embedded operating systems.

Few Common Operating Systems

Three categories of operating systems Stand-alone Network and Embedded

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

DOS (Disk Operating System)
Developed in early 1980s for personal computers Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI

D Used command-line commandO S

interface when first developed, later included menus

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Windows versions
Windows Version Windows 3.x Windows NT 3.1 Windows 95 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Windows 98 Windows Millennium Edition Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Windows XP SP2 Windows Vista Year Released 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 2000 2000 2001 2004 2006

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Windows XP
 

Fast, reliable Windows operating system Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition


  

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Windows Vista
 

Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features Available in several editions, grouped into Home and Business categories

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

features of Windows Vista
Windows Vista Features (Reliability and Performance (Security (Information Management (Appearance and Navigation (Communications and the Internet

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Mac OS
 

Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

  

Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Most versions offer GUI Available for computers of all sizes

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

What is Linux?
  

Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source softwarecode is available to public Both a stand-alone and a network operating system

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a virus?

 

Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without users knowledge

unusual message or image is displayed on the computer screen  An unusual sound or music plays randomly  The available memory is less than what should be available  A program or file suddenly is missing  An unknown program or file mysteriously appears  The size of a file changes without explanation  A file becomes corrupted  A program or file does not work properly  System properties change
An

SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION

Network Operating Systems

What are examples of network operating systems?
NetWare Designed for client/server networks UNIX / Linux
MultiMulti-purpose operating system

Windows Server 2003

Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server

Solaris

 Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems  Specifically for e-commerce applications

Embedded Operating Systems

embedded operating system
 

Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Windows CE is scaled-down version of Windows

Embedded Operating Systems

two types of operating systems for PDAs?
 

Windows Mobile for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm

Embedded Operating Systems

Embedded Linux


Scaled-down Linux operating system designed for PDAs, smart phones, smart watches, set-top boxes, Internet telephones, and other devices Offers many PIM functions

Embedded Operating Systems

Symbian OS


Open-source, multitasking designed for smart phones

operating

system

Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more

Operating Systems Services

Operating Systems Services

Program execution:
The system must be able to load a program into memory and to run that program, end execution, either normally or abnormally (indicating error) I/O operations: A running program may require I/O, which may involve a file or an I/O device. File-system manipulation: The file system is of particular interest. Obviously, programs need to read and write files and directories, create and delete them, search them, list file information, perform permission management.

Operating Systems Services

Communications: Processes may exchange
information, on the same computer or between computers over a network Communications may be via shared memory or through message passing (packets moved by the OS) Error detection: OS needs to be constantly aware of possible errors May occur in the CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices, in user program. For each type of error, OS should take the appropriate action to ensure correct and consistent computing. Debugging facilities can greatly enhance the users and programmers abilities to efficiently use the system

Operating Systems Services

For efficient operation of system via resource sharing Resource allocation: When multiple users / jobs running concurrently, resources must be allocated to each of them Accounting: To keep track of which users use, how much, and what kinds of computer resources Protection and security: Protection involves ensuring that all access to system resources is controlled Security of the system from outsiders requires user authentication, extends to defending external I/O devices from invalid access attempts.