Real Life, Real Decisions

A training seminar on decision-making

Invocation
O God who is greater than the most powerful forces in this world, enable us to be still & know that you are God. O Lord who answers out of the whirlwind of everyday life, breathe in us your Holy Spirit to strengthen, comfort, & guide us in the midst of the storm. O still, small voice, speak to us this hour, that we might become makers of your peace in our homes, in our communities, in our world. We pray all this in the name of the One who calmed the raging sea. Amen.

Introduce Yourselves

Hi my name is _______, an in 10 years, I see myself as a

What Are Your Expectations?

What Should You Be Expecting?

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Activities: Groups, Problem Solving and Decision-Making To understand Decision-Making To learn how to decide effectively To be more confident in deciding To share experiences

What is Indecisiveness?

Indecisiveness

Indecisiveness is the trait of irresolution; characterized by lack of decision and firmness of character or purpose. This character trait should be eliminated to be more goal oriented and to achieve the decisions to other problems.

Activity #1

Round-the-World-Trip

Icebreaker

Pass the Message

Indecisiveness

Indecisiveness is the trait of irresolution; characterized by lack of decision and firmness of character or purpose. This character trait should be eliminated to be more goal oriented and to achieve the decisions to other problems.

What is Decision-Making?
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It is an outcome of mental processes (cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several activities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice.

What is Decision Theory?



Decision theory is theory about decisions.

The theory is a body of knowledge and related analytical techniques of different degrees of formality designed to help a decision maker decision maker choose among a set of alternatives in light of their possible consequences.

Types of Decision Theories

Normative Decision Theory

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A theory about how decisions should be made How decisions should be made in order to be rational. A theory about how decision are actually made

Descriptive Decision Theory

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What types of Decisions Need a Theory?

Decisions Needing a Theory

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Competing Decision Makers Complex Decisions Paradox of Choice Conditions of Certainty, Risk or Uncertainty
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Decision under Certainty Decision under Risk Decision under Uncertainty

Competing Decision Makers

Taking into account how other people in the situation would respond to the decision taken.

Complex Decision

Concerned with decisions that are difficult because of their complexity of the situation.

Paradox of Choice

The more choices you have may lead to a poorer decision or a failure to make a decision at all.

Decision under Certainty

Each alternative leads to one consequence.

Decision under Risk

Each alternative will have one of several consequences

Decision under Uncertainty

Not knowing the consequence at all.

Decisions

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They are not momentary They take time It is natural for you to divide them into phases or stages.

Decision Model

The IDEAL Model

I
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I Identify the decision to be made

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What is it? Is there more than one decision to be made?

D
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D Discuss the decision options and their consequences.

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What are the positive consequences? What are the negative consequences?

E
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E Evaluate the options and select a choice.

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Which solution is the best choice?

A
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A Act on your decision

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Follow through. Is there anything else you need to consider?

L
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L Learn from your decision

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What did you learn? Would you make the same choice again?

Use the O.A.R.

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O
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Look at the Objectives you are seeking to attain Look at the ALTERNATIVES you sense are available to you Look at the RISK of the alternative you are considering

A
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R
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Exercise

Lunch

Icebreaker

2 Minute Test

Activity #2

How Fast Can you Decide?

Activity #3

Kapos Strategy: A Variation

Decisions, Problem Solving and Goals

Decisions
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the act of making up your mind about something a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration Schein also describes decision-making as a key step in problem-solving process, which involves every stage and sets that climate of the group.

Emotional and Logical Decisions

Emotional Decisions
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decision making is a reasoning or emotional process which can be rational or irrational, can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions.

Logical Decisions
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making is an important part of all science-based professions, where specialists apply their knowledge in a given area to making informed decisions.

Problem Solving
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What is a Problem?
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A problem is any situation in which you have a starting point, a set of directions, and the need to create a solution or answer. Much of what managers and supervisors do is solve problems and make decisions

What is the Problem?

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Tell yourself exactly what the problem is. Be clear and be Specific

What is my plan?
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Think of at least 2 or 3 possible strategies that you might use to solve the problem.
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A strategy is a way or method or process for solving a problem. It is not the answer or solution itself but, rather, HOW you CAN FIND the SOLUTION or ANSWER.

What if?
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What might happen if?

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Examine your list of possible strategies Then choose the one that seem or that is the best for you or the situation.

Try it out!
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Try you best strategy See if it works to solve problems. If it works CONGRATULATIONS If it doesnt KEEP TRYING!

How did I do?

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Always ask yourself after solving a problem This way you can enhance and be aware of what you can improve.

Goals
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Goals.
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A goal or objective is a projected state of affairs that a person or a system plans or intends to achieve

Goals

If you fail to plan,You plan to fail

Goals
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When you write down goals, make sure they have the following qualities:
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Realistic Clear Specific

Goals: Realistic
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Goals should be achievable,

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Example: I am 120 lbs. my goal is to be 100 lbs tomorrow I am 120 lbs. my goal is to be 100 lbs in 1 month

Goals: Clear
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Goals need to be clear. Clarify your goals

Goals: Specific
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Goals need to be specific. Specify your goals.

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Example:
o

My goal is to earn money. My goal is to earn $ 1000 a month

Goal Setting
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In setting goals, apply the three characteristics mentioned: Realistic, Clear and Specific. Then apply these:

Write em down pal!

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Write your goals down

Put a Deadline
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For motivation

Have goals for every area of your life

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Finance, education, fitness, leisure, family, social, etc.

Take it easy
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Dont be pressured by the many goals that you have. Breakdown your goals. Write down the steps you need to do to acquire that goal!

Where to write them?

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Write them in a notebook. Review them often. Or Every morning check your goals and see if there is a step or two you could take towards some specific goal

Elimination Round
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Checking your goals could lessen your load. Eliminate goals that you no longer want to accomplish.

Make sure you are writing down YOUR goals and not the goals that SOMEONE else thinks that you should have.

Types of Goals

Short-term Goals
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Are the goals you want to achieve in the near future.

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Today, tomorrow, the next month or during the year.

Long-term Goals
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Are the goals you want to achieve in the future.

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Career, Family, educational attainment, etc.

Goals that you have been working for since you were young.
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Ex. You studied and finished high school and college to become a doctor.

Long-term Goals

In ten years, my goal is to have $10,000,000 in my bank account.

Decision-Making Techniques
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Brainstorming Nominal Group Technique Paired Comparison Card Sort Technique Charrette Procedure Storyboarding

Brainstorming
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Verbal throwing out of ideas Writing down of ideas

Nominal Group Technique

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Silent generation of ideas in small groups written. Group discussion and clarification Prioritize top 5 Final vote

Paired Comparisons
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One-on-one comparisons of all ideas/alternatives. Points totaled for individual and group activity.

Card Sort Technique

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(good for large number of issues) Statements/alternatives/ideas collected on cards prior to meeting Cards sorted in yes, no, maybe Top 5 selected by individuals Rank 5 by small group Vote top 5 as a whole 2 group.

Charrette Procedure
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Write down all the ideas of one group Then secretary rotates and writes down the ideas of the other groups.

Storyboarding
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Concise statement of the problem List benefits of solving problem Post ideas generated for solving problem in wall Combine and clarify Eliminate irrelevant ideas Identify top 3 ideas

Decisions, Problem Solving and Goals

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Closely related. Without one of them deciding will be way too hard/difficult to come up. Decision-making is the key to problem solving, and goals are set to come up with decisions.

Icebreaker
Concentration
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Fingers in the middle, clap it out a little, aahhh, (senders name)clap2x how about a (receivers name) clap.

Activity #4

Nuclear Explosion: Feelings in Decision Making

Principles in Deciding

11 Principles
1.

Purpose-Driven. People need a reason to participate in the process. Inclusive, Not Exclusive. All parties with a significant interest in the issues should be involved in the collaborative process. Educational - The process relies on mutual education of all participants.

2.

3.

4.Voluntary - The parties who are affected or interested participate voluntarily. 5. Self-Designed - All parties have an equal opportunity to participate in designing the collaborative process. The process must be explainable and designed to meet the circumstances and needs of the situation. 6. Flexible - Flexibility should be designed into the process to accommodate changing issues, data needs, political environment, and programmatic

7. constraints such as time and meeting arrangements. 8. Egalitarian - All parties have equal access to relevant information and the opportunity to participate effectively throughout the process. 9. Respectful - Acceptance of the diverse values, interests, and knowledge of the parties involved in the collaborative process is essential.

10. Accountable - The participants are accountable both to their constituencies and to the process that they have agreed to establish. 11.Time Limited - Realistic deadlines are necessary throughout the process. 12. Achievable - Commitments made to achieve the agreement (s) and effective monitoring are essential.

Decision-Making Tips

Donts
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Dont make decisions that are not yours to be made. Dont waste your time making decisions that dont have to be made. Dont look back. Dont ask yourself What ifs
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(what is done is done, focus on what is NOW)

Dos
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Make decisions while you still have the time. Make notes and keep your ideas visible Write down the Pros and Cons of a line of action Make decisions as you go along. Review the facts at hand then set aside Focus on what is right at this time BRAINSTORMING Use the O.A.R.

Keep in Mind
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The decisions that you made are what was right at that time. Not making decision is a decision not to take action No one is ever 100% certain that their decision is correct. Avoid Snap decisions

Recapulation
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Indecisiveness Decision Decision-Making Decision Theory IDEAL Model O.A.R. Problem Solving Goals 11 Principles of Decision-Making

El Fin