Visual Acuity

Visual Reception
Visual Acuity: Ability to see fine details
Static (stationary objects): Depends on brightness Increases with increasing brightness up to ~ 3 candles (cd/sq ft) -- remains constant after that Contrast Time (0.5 to 1.0 second) Dynamic (ability to detect moving objects) Clear vision within a conical angle 3 to 5 Fairly clear within 10 to 12 Key criteria in determining placement of traffic signs

Visual Reception
Peripheral Vision: Ability to see objects beyond the cone of clearest vision (160 degrees)
Age dependent Objects seen but details and color are not clear

Visual Reception
Color Vision: Ability to differentiate one color from another
Lack of ability = color blindness Combinations to which the eye is the most sensitive
Black and white Black and yellow

Key in determining traffic signs colors

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Visual Reception
Depth perception
Ability to estimate speed and distance Passing on two-lane roads Signs are standardized to aid in perceiving distance

Hearing
Hearing perception Ability to detect warning sounds Sirens, horns