Assignment:

Stepper Motor and its Control.

Submitted To: Sir Usman Gull
Department of Technology.

The University of Lahore.

Submitted by
Group Members:

1. Ehtesham Ali 327227)

(TE(TE-327216) (ET-107203) (ET-327216) (ET-327203)

2. Hassan Ali 3. Qumar-ul-islam 4. Muhammad Rais 5. Mubasher Ahmed

DC STEPPER MOTORS
Stepping motors are electric motors without commutators Commutation is handled externally by the motor controller Controller charges opposite coils attracting the center rotor magnets

Fundamentals of operation

Stepper motors effectively have multiple "toothed" electromagnets arranged around a central gear-shaped piece of iron. The electromagnets are energized by an external control circuit, such as a microcontroller. To make the motor shaft turn, first, one electromagnet is given power, which makes the gear's teeth magnetically attracted to the electromagnet's teeth.

When the gear's teeth are aligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet.
when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one, and from there the process is repeated. Each of those slight rotations is called a "step", with an integer number of steps making a full rotation. In that way, the motor can be turned by a precise angle.

DC STEPPER MOTORS

DC STEPPER MOTORS
Voltage Rating Resistance-per-winding determines Degrees per Step
provides desired torque

the current draw of the motor Maximum operating speed Sets the number of degrees the shaft will rotate for each full step

UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR

Relatively easy to control simple 1-of-'n' counter circuit can generate the proper stepping sequence 1 transistor per winding

UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR

two center-tapped coils represents the connection of a 4 -phase unipolar stepper motor

UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR

6 wires with a center tap on each of two coils

IDENTIFYING WIRES
Check make and model to see if wire colour code is available Observe the wires to see if you can identify groups of 3 wires Measure resistance between wires Wire with lowest resistance is power wire

IDENTIFYING WIRES
6 wire motors 5 wire motors
Groups of 3 wires 1 power & 2 signal 1 power & 4 signal wires

power wire has lowest resistance to the others

CONTROL PROGRAM
Once wires identified and connected to the circuit: a program is needed to run the motor Example Turing Program:
loop parallelput (1) delay (500) parallelput (2) delay (500) parallelput (4) delay (500) parallelput (8) delay (500) end loop

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

4 signal wires fired in the correct sequence will turn the motor

DISADVANTAGES
Resonance effects and relatively long settling times Rough performance at low speed unless a microstep is used Liability to undetected position loss as a result as a result of operating open-loop Consume current regardless of load Losses at speed are relatively high and can cause excessive heating and they are frequently noisy (especially at high speeds)

ADVANTAGES

Low cost Work in almost any environment Rugged Simplicity in construction High reliability No maintenance No feedback components are needed Inherently more failsafe than servo moto

THE END

THANKS