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ORAL HYGIENE
Its importance and its implications on General Body Health.
HYGIENE
Principles & Practice of General & Personal Cleanliness for the promotion of health and prevention of diseases.
ORAL HYGIENE
(Dental Hygiene)
Principles and Practice of Hygiene as applied to mouth i.e.
Teeth. Gums. Oral Mucosa. It includes all the steps and measures that the patients and the doctor carry out for the prevention of diseases of the oral tissues and maintenance of the optimal oral and dental health.
DYNAMICS OF CARIES
As a series of exacerbations (activeness) and the remissions (passiveness).
EXACERBATIONS:
o Carbohydrates + o Bacteria Cavitation Pulpitis. o Acids q pH oDemineralization
REMISSIONS:
Arrest of caries Arrest Incipient caries q Carbohydrates + q Bacteria o Remineralization. q Acids o pH qDemineralization
Bacteria of
oAcids
q Acids
Acid
Acid
CARIES TRIAD
HOST:
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Tooth Salivary Factors Muscular Activity Habits Group Susceptibility Age Environment
CARIES TRIAD
Host 1. Tooth:
A. Composition-a. b. c. Fluorine Calcium Tin
1 carries
B.
C.
Morphology (Susceptible sites on tooth). a. Self Cleansable areas. b. Non-Self Cleansable areas. Location and Alignment of Teeth. e.g. Last molar, Over crowding of teeth etc.
B.
Morphology (Susceptible sites on tooth). a. Self Cleansable areas. b. Non-Self Cleansable areas Non-
CARIES SUSCEPTIBLE SITES ON TEETH self cleansible and non-self cleansible areas non-
CARIES TRIAD
Host
SALIVARY FACTORS:
1.Composition: a. Phosphate, Ca, Fluoride b. Organic Substance carries 1 carries Functions of Saliva
1. 2. 3. 4. Bacterial clearance. Anti bacterial activity. Buffering action. Remineralization.
c. pHAlkalinity (normal pH of saliva is 5.67.6). pH d. Viscosity e. Flow f. Antibacterial elements g. Antibody elements.
CARIES TRIAD
Host
MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
1. 2. 3. 4.
HOST HABITS
Poor eating habits deserts deserts snacks snackssweets. Disciplined Oral hygiene. Good eating habitsno snacks habits between meals.
CARIES TRIAD
Host
GROUP SUSCEPTIBILITY
1. 2.
AGE GROUP
1. 2.
HOST ENVIRONMENT
1. 2. 3.
Phosphate, Content of food and water. Fluoride in water. Topical Fluoride (e.g Toothpaste).
CARIES TRIAD
2.AGENTS (PARASITES)
Microorganisms in the plaque---streptococcus mutants. Salivary glycoprotein. Sticky polysaccharide (Dextran). Modern diet a. Deleted protective factors e.g. Phytates. b. Added Cariogenic factors e.g. Refined carbohydrate c. Frequency of intake of sweets.
3.(MEDIUM) ENVIRONMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD
a. b. c. d. Hard & Fibrous Food. Carbohydrates in Food. Fluoride, Phosphate and Vitamins in Food. Soft and Sticky Food.
Fermentation
Acids Demineralization
organic components of tooth leave inorganic component of tooth unsupported which collapse
3.
Cavitation.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Patient Complaints. The teeth are isolated & well illuminated Use of sharp explorer / probe Visual examination of the tooths surface roughness, opacification & Discoloration. Use of magnifying mirror Use of magnifying lens to give upto 5 times magnified image. Use of dental Floss / Tape. Separation of Teeth. Translumination. Special tests: thermal , electric tests & Radiographs.
Dental caries Gingival or periodontal diseases Salivary glands diseases TMJ dysfunction syndromes Oral mucosal diseases Sinusitis Circumcoronitis etc. etc.
Painful Teeth Painful Gums Shaky Teeth Loss of Teeth Malocclusion TMJ Pain Circumcoronitis Restricted Mouth opening
Missing Teeth Painful Teeth Shaky Teeth Painful Gums TMJ Pain
HALITOSIS
Bad smell from the mouth is due to infection or rotten food particles in the different parts of the mouth
Food lodgment in cavities of teeth Food lodgment in the interdental spaces Gum infection Periodontal pocket with pus discharging Sinus discharging Circumcoronitis etc. etc.
Brain Disorders Lungs Infection Ear & Eye infection Tonsils Infection Allergic Asthma Joint Pains Liver & Gallbladder Infection Kidney Infection
STOMACH
1. Stomach Ulcer (Bad oral hygiene). 2. Stomach Malignancy (continuous irritation from Bad oral hygiene).
BRAIN DISORDERS
1. Through Nervous 2. Through Facial Vein
a. Cerebral Abscess b. Subdural Empyema c. Septic Thrombus Phlebitis of cortical vein and venous Sinuses.
LUNGS ABSCESS