BASICS OF INTERNET

What is the internet?

Lets dissect the word Internet.Inter refers to extending across or transcending as in the word international. A system of interconnected computers that share information There are different ways to share information over the internet. The world wide web (www) is just one of them

Also known as: -WWW -Web -Net

Things that are not the web: -Local Area Network LAN -Intranet

Introduction about Internet

When the computing era took a major leap in the 80s, it was all just about the operating systems and the programming languages. People were getting gaga over the heavy technology revolution thinking that this is the one thing that the world needed to get over the bounds of time and space, and as usual, they were wrong. It was not long after the computer revolution that a tide, a blizzard of communication, arrived. This technology now makes the computers look lifeless if they dont have it. Connecting the corners of the cobwebbed world even from its remotest corner is the 'Internet'.

----CONTD-- A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

----CONTD-- The largest network of networks in the world. Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching . Runs on any communications substrate.

HISTORY OF INTERNET
1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet 1970 - First five nodes:
UCLA Stanford UC Santa Barbara U of Utah, and BBN

1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf 1984 On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging

----CONTD---

A Brief Summary of the Evolution of the Internet

WWW Internet Created Named 1989 and Goes TCP/IP TCP/IP Created 1984 ARPANET 1972 1969

Age of eCommerce Mosaic Begins 1995 Created

1993

Packet Switching First Vast Invented Computer 1964 Network Silicon Envisioned Chip A 1962 Mathematical 1958 Theory of Memex Communication 1948 Conceived 1945

Hypertext Invented 1965

1945
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA

1995

Internet Growth Trends

1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts 1983: 562 hosts 1984: 1,000 hosts 1986: 5,000 hosts 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts 1992: 1,000,000 hosts 2001: 150 175 million hosts 2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

What can you do on the internet?

Send and receive e-mail Search for information Join discussion groups using chat or email Shop online Read newspapers, magazines, and books Watch TV shows and movies Surf and find popular pages Get fit, find a date, or locate a local event Improve yourself Multimedia - Music, radio, podcasts,videos, and webcam

How the internet works

Your computer uses some kind of data connection (phone, cable, or wireless) to connect to an internet service provider (ISP).

How the Web Works

https://mail.google.com/mail/?shva=1#inbox The Web is only a part of the internet Some of the servers connected to the internet are web servers Special software to handle http (hypertext transfer protocol)

----CONTD-- Servers have their own domain name, which is a human conversion of an IP (internet protocol) address E.g., www.howstuffworks.com = 209.116.69.66 The domain name is a part of the URL (uniform resource locator), which is the web address Web browsers request documents from web servers using the URL

Connecting to the internet

Dial-up/modem - Uses a phone line and a modem. When youre on, your phone is busy. DSL runs through your phone line, but your phone line is available. Cable operated by the cable company. No need to subscribe to cable TV. Wireless/satellite operates over radio waves

How browsers work

You tell the browser which computer you want to connect to by typing in a website address (URL).

Your browser doesnt go anywhere. The page comes to you! (Thats why they call them web servers.)

Title Bar Menu Bar

Tool Bar Address Bar

Status Bar
Tips for web addresses (URLs): -No spaces -Can usually omit http:// -Press ENTER or click GO

Websites (AKA webpages)

-Can be a single page or collection of pages -Have an address (URL) ex. http://www.boisepubliclibrary.org * You need to type a URL exactly for your browser to locate the desired web page, otherwise you will access the wrong site or get an error message.

Searching
Locate information, businesses, organizations, or people on the WWW.
 Go to the search engine web site and enter your search word(s).  Sites may not be about the topic you want; your search word(s) may appear on the web page in a different context.  Results are NOT everything on the web. At best you will be searching 25 - 35% of the web.

Popular Search Engines: www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.ask.com www.live.com

E-mail

Electronic messages or letters, can include attachments such as pictures or sound files. Takes mere seconds to reach any destination.

E-mail
Electronic messages or letters, can include attachments such as pictures or sound files.  Takes mere seconds to reach any destination.

Email Addresses: -Like URLs, must be typed exactly in order for the message to be delivered.

president@whitehouse.gov Recipients ID at Domain or host

Webmail vs. E-mail Client

Web based email or E-mail software such as Outlook

Webmail allows you to access email from any computer hooked up to the internet.

 An

e-mail client will download messages to your computer so you can read them and compose new mail offline.

Network Problems
Communication Problem Identification Problem Identification of Networks  Logical Addressing system Identification of system with in the network  Physical Addressing system Identification of the process with in the system  Service point addressing system Connection Problem

IPv6 Myths
IPv6 is a patch to IPv4 with more addresses Flag Day for IPv6 activation to be announced The drive for IPv6 starts in the backbone/Telco IPv6 is too complex, it can break IPv4 networks

IPv6 Changes
IPv4 Source and destination addresses IPsec support Identification of packet flow for QoS handling by routers Fragmentation Header checksum Header optional data 32 bits (4 bytes) Optional None in header By both routers and sending host Included Included IPv6 128 bits (16 bytes) Standard Included in header Only by sending host Not included Moved to extension headers
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IPv6 : Next generation IP

Example : Home Networking

1/30/2012

IPv6 : Next generation IP