CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

Eric Mathuva

0726-794-092

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

The world is looking for a manager:-

Thinks in terms of new competitive space:- through creating unique and sustainable new products by breaking rules Examples:Equity Bank, Toyota ETC
1.
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A manager who..

2. Add value to the organization through strategies that will result to:a) Profitability profit making b) Impact non-profit making

A manager who..
3. Operate with speed:Shaping the org. to respond to opportunities at once in terms of:a) Structures b) Policies c) Culture d) Etc
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A manager who..
4. Customer focused Devise ways and means to respond to their needs Customer is the King? (Not any more) Who is the King?
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A manager who..
5. Enhance an org. to identify competencies that will enhance them to be competitive in future in future Where is their future:a) Product/Services b) Market scope c) Customer
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Introduction to Management
 

No precise definition because it is multidisciplinary subject It draws concepts and principles from other disciplines

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Other disciplines:Economics b) Sociology c) Statistics d) Psychology e) Anthropology f) E.t.c. Thus management is viewed and defined from different snapshots
a)

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Three common Broad ways:i. ii. iii.

Management as a discipline Management as a group of people Management as a process

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Management as a discipline
  

Discipline A field of study founded on welldefined concepts and principles A body of knowledge which can be studied and practiced Management is treated as both Art and Science

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Management as a group of people

   

This approach includes all the personnel who perform Managerial function in organizations E.g. Management is what managers do Work with and through

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Management as a process
  1.

A process is a systematic way of handling activities (Management activities) Management is a process of:getting things done through the efforts of others

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Cont..
2. Getting from where we are to where we want to be with the least expenditure of time, money and efforts 3. Coordinating individuals and group efforts towards super-ordinate goals

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This approach has four dimensions:a. b. c. d.

Efficiency oriented Decision oriented People oriented Function oriented

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Examples of definitions


Management is the art of knowing what to do and then seeing it is done in the best and cheapest way Taylor 1911 Management is the art of securing maximum results with minimum efforts so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service Mee 1965
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Cont


Management means decision making Moore 1978 management is simply the process of decision making and control over the actions of human beings for the expressed purpose of attaining pre-determined goals Vance 1959
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Cont


Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people Lawrence Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized group Harold Kootz 1961 To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to coordinate and to control Henri Fayol 1949

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Features/Characteristics of Mgnt.
1.

2. 3.

4.

Organized activities:- Is a process of organized activities Result oriented:- It aim at achieving goals Integration of resources:- Synchronize variety of resources (Money, technology, materials, time and people) Human effort:- It involves working with and through people to achieve org. goals
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Cont
5. Decision making:- Selection of the most appropriate option amongst many possible alternatives 6 . Art and Science:- It both art and Science Science:- Its a body of knowledge Art:- The art of making decisions can be perfected with time

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Comparison /:/ Science and Art

Science by knowledge  Advances
    

Art
     

Proves Predicts Defines Impresses Measures

Advances by practice Feels Guesses Describes Expresses Estimates

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Questions
1. 2.

Is management a profession? Is there difference between management and administration?

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Characteristics of a Profession
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Existence of knowledge Acquisition of knowledge Professional association Ethical code Service motive

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Management v/s Administration

Before 1923 there was no distinction  In 1923 Oliver Sheldon raised difference Administration:- Decision making function Management:- Execution function  Current thoughts:Management is part of administration Administration is part of management Management and administration are the same

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Management Functions
Common classification:i. Planning ii. Organizing iii. Staffing iv. Leading/directing v. Controlling Note:- All of managers perform these functions, however their degree depends on the level

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Planning
Determination of future course of action  Answer to; What, Why, How, When and Who?  Planning involve:i. Determination of objectives/goals ii. Formulation of strategies iii. Setting policies iv. Setting rules and regulations v. Preparing budgets

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Organizing


 

Creating enabling environment to allow effective and efficient use of org. resources to achieve desired results It is the bridge between planning and accomplishment of ideas It involve:-

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Cont.
i.

Dividing work into convenient tasks or duties ii. Grouping such duties to form related positions iii. Grouping such positions into sections and departments iv. Assigning duties to individual positions v. Delegating authority to each position NOTE Organization Chart/ Organogram
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Staffing
Manning the various positions created by Org.  It involves:i. Taking inventory of the personnel and identifying the gap /:/ manpower required and available ii. Identifying the source of personnel iii. Selecting personnel iv. Training and development of personnel v. Compensation 31 vi. Performance appraisal


Leading/Directing
Influencing people to achieve both their goals and the org.  It involve:i. Guiding mentoring the subordinates {Leadership} ii. Motivating {Inspiring} iii. Communicating iv. Application of appropriate leadership style

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Controlling
Ensuring plans are achieved accordingly It involve:i. Measuring actual results ii. Identifying deviation from expectation iii. Taking corrective action iv. Deciding on the type of control system

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Levels of Management
   

There are three broad categories:Top management level Middle management level Supervisory/Lower management level

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Top Management Level

Relatively small group of executives Their function:a) Overall management b) Overall operations c) Overall relationships d) Mentoring future top managers Examples- BODs, GMs CEOs Etc.
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Middle Management Level

A vast group of managers Their functions:a) Performance of their departments/branches b) Integrating various parts of the department c) Training and mentoring d) Coordinating with other managers Note:- Should have strong backbone
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Supervisory Management Level

  

They supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees They are also known as; first-line managers, foremen, office managers, etc. Their main function is to implement plans and control activities within their sections

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Management Skills
What is skill?  Ability to translate knowledge to action  It manifests in an individuals performance  It can either be inborn or developed through practice or both  Three basic managerial skills:a) Technical skill b) Interpersonal/human relation skill c) Conceptual skill

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Technical Skills
  

Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field E.g. Accountant, physician, engineer, computer specialists etc More important to lower management level

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Interpersonal/Human skills
 

Ability to work well with other people individually and in a group Managers at all levels require these skills

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Conceptual Skills
  

Ability to see the whole picture Ability to think in an abstract It is key to the top management level

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Management levels v/s Skills

C

TOP MID
C C H H

H T

LOWER

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