Fundamentals of automobile system

CH : 3

AUTOMOBILE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Gear Box
A transmission or gearbox provides speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device using gear ratios.

Transmission (Gearbox)
 Transmission: To vary the engine torque as per the driving needs and transfer it to wheels. Lower gear (1st, 2nd etc) for more torque (turning force) & less speed. For example at starting, climbing etc Higher gears for more speed but less torque like highway driving Two types of transmissions are used. Manual Transmissions Automatic Transmissions

Gear Ratios
The gear ratio can be determined by counting the teeth on both gears.

Manual Transmissions
 Manual Transmissions Cheaper to manufacture than A/T Economical on fuel Easy to maintain Lighter than A/T units Benefits: Lower vehicle cost Fuel efficient Lower maintenance cost Advantages:

Automatic Transmissions
In automatic transmission, the gearbox changes gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually.

Automatic Transmissions
Operation Modes : D Drive P Park N Neutral R Reverse 2 Lock in 2nd Gear L Lock in 1st Gear

Sliding Mesh Gear Box

Contd
The various spur-type gears are mounted on three shafts. Primary shaft (alternative names clutch or first motion shaft) Lay shaft (countershaft) Main shaft (third motion shaft)

Constant Mesh Gear Box

Contd
In this design, the main shaft pinions revolves freely on bushes or needle-roller bearings and are all in constant engagement with the corresponding lay shaft wheels. The gear operation is obtained by locking the respective gear to the main shaft by means of a dog clutch. The quieter-running helical gears can be employed, and during gear changing the noise and wear are reduced

DOUBLE DECLUTCHING
Used for smooth engagement and disengagement of gears in constant mesh gear box. Procedure: for higher gear to lower gear: 1. Press clutch pedal and shift gear to neutral 2. Release clutch pedal and press accelerator pedal to increase speed of main shaft, so speed of main shaft and dog clutch can be same. 3. Again press clutch pedal and shift from neutral to lower gear

Synchromesh Gear Box

Contd
Fundamentally the box is laid out in same manner as a constant-mesh, with the exception that a cone clutch is fitted between the dog and gear members. The initial movement of the selector a sleeve carries the hub towards the gear and allows the cones adjusts the speed of the gearwheel to suit the hub and main shaft. Extra pressure on the lever will allow the sleeve to override the spring-loaded balls, and positively engage with the dogs on the gear.

Epicyclic Gear Train

Epicyclic means one gear revolving upon and around another. The design involves planet and sun gears as one orbits the other like a planet around the sun. Here is a picture of a typical gear box.
This design can produce large gear ratios in a small space and are used on a wide range of applications from marine gearboxes to electric screw drivers.

Epicyclic Gear train

A small gear at the center called the sun, several medium sized gears called the planets and a large external gear called the ring gear.

Epicyclic Gear train

It is the system of epicyclic gears in which at least one wheel axis itself revolves around another fixed axis.

Torque convertor

CVT