STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC

and

its perspectives for sustainable development in changing climate conditions

Dr R. Mavlyanova, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Regional coordinator

Dr. R. Khakimov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato Dr. A. Rustamov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry Prof. L. Gafurova, Vice-rector of the Tashkent State Agrarian University

THE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

The Population Growth in CAC Region

Countries Population (July 2007 est.) Population growth rate (2007 est.)

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan TOTAL:

2,971,650 8,120,247 4,646,003 15,284,929 5,284,149 7,076,598 5,097,028 27,780,059

-0.129% 0.688% -0.329% 0.352% 1.354% 1.895% 1.617% 1.732%

The population living below poverty line

43.9%

76,260,663

0.9%

Source: www. The World Fact Book

Vegetables: The key source of micronutrients

The Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value Nutrition

Deficiency in calories + protein

= HUNGER

0.83 billion underweight

Deficiency in vitamins & minerals

= MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

2 3.5 billion malnourished

Excess of

calories

= OVERCONSUMPTION

1.1 billion overweight

Uzbekistan:
Total area 447400 km2 arable 11% pasture 46% forest 3% rivers and lakes 4,9%

www.geopolitics.ru/states/uzbekistan.htm

Sowing area and vegetable production in Central Asia and the Caucasus (1992-2007) 1992-

600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0

12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0

P dc n ro u tio ,t

Area, ha

Ar m Az enia er ba i ja n G eo Ka r za gia kh Ky st a rg n yz st Ta an Tu jikis rk t m an en Uz ista n be ki st an

CAC countries Area,1992 Area, 2007 Production 1992

Source: FAOSTAT data

A rm A en ze ia rb a ij a G n e K o r a za gia kh K s yr ta n g yz st T an a T jik u rk ist m an e n U is t z b an e k is ta n

CAC countries Production 2007

Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007 2004Ar ea

P r oduc t o n i

250000 200000 150000 Ar ea 100000 50000

6000000 4000000 P r oduc t o n i 2000000 0

0 1 2 3 4

Y ed il

Production of vegetables in Uzbekistan kg/person/year

19901992

19951997

20032005

260000 240000 220000 200000 Y ed il

117

70

80

180000 1 2 3 4

Source: FAOSTAT data

Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated Crops

Northwest India (Punjab, the Northwest Boundary province, Kashmir), whole Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Western Tian-Shan
Cucumis melo L Lagenaria vulgaris Ser Daucus carota L. Brassica campestris L.,
ssp. Rapifera Sinsk,

Secondary center Secondary center Primary center Primary center Secondary center Primary center, wild relatives exist Primary center, wild relatives exist Primary center, wild relatives exist Secondary center Main center

Raphanus sativus L. Allium cepa l.(sensu lato) Allium. sativum L Spinacia oleracea L. Portulaca oleracea L. Ocimum basilicum l.

Priority vegetable crops in Central Asia

Tomato Onion Carrot Cabbage Cucumber Melon Watermelon

Challenges of Vegetable Sector

Relatively low yield (20 t/ha) & per capita supply (80-100 kg/year) High input costs, limited labor supply Extremely seasonal; 15% come from Nov. to Mar. Lack of diversity; tomato, onion, cabbage & watermelon cover >60% of the total supply Poor farm-to-market infrastructure & postharvest handling Limited purchasing power of domestic consumers Policy of self-sufficiency in cereals > production of high value vegetables

Key points
Food security Adoption to climate change Rational use of natural resources Sustainable agriculture system Employment Householders encouragement Livelihood

Regional strategy on vegetable crops

To increase the vegetable output, improve nourishment and income and well being of poor though PGR conservation, their involvement in research activity and establishment of high productivity varieties for introduction into production and other issues oriented on agriculture development and food security The funding system and mechanism are the key terms of the regional strategy implementation

Collaboration in Uzbekistan
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato

AVRDC The World Vegetable Center

Our mission: Alleviate poverty and malnutrition in the developing world through increased production and consumption of safe vegetables

The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry

The Samarkand Agricultural

The Tashkent State Agrarian University

Institute

The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato

RESEARCH: Breeding of vegetable and melon crops Seed growing Breeding and seed production of potato Technologies (improved cultivation technology, safe vegetable production, in-vitro technology, and etc.) Plant protection Physiology, bio chemistry and agro chemistry Protected ground Economics Capacity building Information distribution and publications Workshops, trainings

The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato 67 varieties have been included in the State register

The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry

Collection and introduction of genetic resources of agricultural crops Quarantine control of introduced material Conservation of plant genepool and data base Complex evaluation and submission of sources and donors of valuable features to breeding institutions Introduction into production of nontraditional for the region crops.

PGR CONSERVATION
World collections in UzRIPI: Grain Crops- 21969, Industrial Crops- 11068, Fodder Crops- 649, Fruit GenepoolGrape- 3906, Vegetable Crops- 5755 Crops and Composition UzRIPI accessions
Cereals 50,7% Industrial Crops 25%

Fruit Crops Fodder Crops and Grape 9,0% 1,5%

Vegetables and melons 12,7%

CONSERVATION

UzRIPI Genebank is the first genebank of plant genetic resources in the Central Asia World collections seeds of agricultural crops which are richest source of initial material for breeding of new high quality cultivars for the future generation are conserved here Now more 23 thousand accessions of 50 different agricultural crops were puted to UzRIPI Genebank for middleterm conservation.

The Tashkent State Agrarian University and The Samarkand Agricultural Institute Capacity building for the agriculture Research work on various topics

Challenges of Research on Vegetables

Almost all institutes are experienced the fund shortage Limited funds for conservation and evaluation of PGR Loss of local varieties due to the gradual closing down the seed production activity Personnel capacity building needs to be strengthened Limited funds and lack of projects oriented toward research of vegetable crops

Priority activities for Vegetable R&D

! *100%

Alternative for farmers: to use of low cost or high cost technologies Improved vegetable cultivation technologies (drip irrigation, mulching, IPM and etc.) Resource save vegetable cultivation technologies Safe vegetable production New improved varieties with different duration period Supplying with a high quality seeds Infrastructure development for production, processing and marketing Vegetables export potential Business development

Profitableness

Involvement of the private sector, farms and other institutions

Farmers interest in indigenous varieties cultivation can be improved through their provision with high-grade seeds and production technologies for the important indigenous vegetable crops, as well as via establishment of the output markets Vegetable crop cultivation will facilitate additional jobs creating and women involvement in the output cultivation and marketing Joint research with farmers on various directions, pilot field establishment, workshop arrangement and guideline dissemination.

Proposals for research development in terms of climate change

Development of vegetable research on various directions is very important: PGR, breeding, IPM, seed production, improved cultivation technologies, diversification, economic assessment, marketing, and etc. Development of material and technical basis in research institutes, universities and farms Investment for increase research development and introduction of new crops varieties with a higher yield and improved practices into vegetable production in various agro ecologies of the republic Priority crops definition for a food security and sustainable vegetable production Research on influence of climate change on crops productivity in agriculture, income of farmers, consumption and a health of population

Breeding and seed growing interconnected process of agriculture crops variety improvement

Priorities of Vegetable Variety Improvement

Survey of biotic and abiotic stresses of vegetable production systems Establishment of database on the existing breeding research, and formalization of the breeding network Prioritization of consolidated breeding research targets and strategies for implementation Collection, characterization and conservation of indigenous genetic resources Exchange and testing of promising varieties Training of young researchers on both conventional and modern breeding research methodologies Joint efforts of public and private sectors on the development of vegetable seed system

Research priorities in seed production:

Enlarging research on vegetable seed growing Improvement of the seed production technology Identification of the most favourable zones for seed growing within relevant countries Improvement of harvest methods and post harvest seed treatment Deepening of the research on assessment of seedling and non-seedling method of seed growing to produce seeds of biennial vegetable crops Development of the integral pre-harvest seed preparation system

Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.) In the context of climate projections for the future and temperature increasing, a more marginal and risky agricultural production environment: Heat resistant, drought resistant and salt tolerant vegetable crops varieties development Introduction of non-traditional crops Vegetable production in off-season time in greenhouses and tunnels

Vegetable production in off-season time off-

Drip irrigation, hydroponics

Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)

In mean annual precipitation in summer increase: Development of appropriated varieties, resistant to diseases and flooding Improved technologies adoption Increased exposure to new pests and diseases for agricultural crops and adoption of existing pests IPM, resistant varieties development A progressive worsening of the projected water deficit: Drip irrigation and hydroponics technologies adoption Improved early maturing varieties development Vegetable legumes use for a soil fertility improvement

Crop diversification
Early maturing, high yielding legumes crops varieties for soil fertility improvement

Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)

Increasing of length of growing season: Changed cropping system, crop diversification, new crops introduction, including non-traditional crops, early maturing varieties for repeated crops Increasing farm income through off-season production of high value vegetables under affordable solar-energy based greenhouse

Transfer of materials, technologies & tools

Technical assistance & cooperation programs

Capacity Building bridging the gap

Training Supply & management of information

Strategies for Capacity Building

Regional collaboration & partnerships

Information Dissemination
through Farmers Days, Exhibitions, News Letters, Posters, Leaflets and Data Base

Capacity building
Improvement of educational programs in universities, institutes and schools Skill formation, professional improvement and trainings of executive stuff, specialists and farmers Information distribution Integrating biodiversity in the intensification of vegetable production and market systems International collaboration potential development

Thank you for your attention!