Академический Документы
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AUTOMOTIVE SENSORS
Indoor/outdoor temperature sensors Seat belt tension Oil sensor Rain sensor Water coolant temperature Oxygen sensor Accelerometer
Passenger Occupancy
Fuel level
Parking sensor Speedometer Odometer Tachometer GPS Tire pressure monitor Radar sensor Anti thief sensors Wheel speed
ENGINE SENSORS
Dip - stick
O2 SENSORS
Miniature voltage generator Compare the exhaust O2 level and outside air O2 level
NERNST CELL
RT pO ln Vs ! pO 4F
air 2 exh. 2
O2 SENSORS
High voltage: fuel mixture rich, little unburned oxigen Low voltage: fuel mixture lean, excess oxygen
OIL SENSORS
Oil pressure: Hydrostatic force per unit area Age of the oil in the engine: dielectric constant of the oil. Parallel plate capacitor separated by oil. An oil dielectric tester correlates to the acidity of the oil and indicates the level of oil degradation
FUEL GAUGE
Inaccurate due to its mechanism, shape of fuel tank Gauge: resistance , current , bimetallic cools, straighten out, pull needle form full to empty. Newer car: resistor output into a microprocessor compensate shape of tank Damping needle movment up hill , down hill , turn
Float
TACHOMETER
SPEEDOMETER
Transmission and driveshaft rotate mandrel too permanent magnet rotate rotating magnetic field force act on speed cup electrical curretn flows (Eddy current) drag torque needle rotate same direction as magnetic field
Transmission output rotate with a toothed metal disk at the end Stationary detector covers a magnetic coil Teeth move past the coil interrupt the magnetic field series of pulses sent to computer
ACCELEROMETER
Modern accelerometers based on simplest MEMS design Mass-damper-spring Air bag deployment system rapid negative acceleration Electronic stability control
tether
Si
RAIN SENSOR
Based on total internal reflection LED or Infrared light source Photodiode Amplifier CPU wipers on, windows up
RAIN SENSOR
Offset amplification raise the sensitivity of the sensor: night driving, high speed
DOOR SENSOR
In a closed-circuit system, the electric circuit is closed when the door is shut. This means that as long as the door is closed, electricity can flow from one end of the circuit to the other. But if somebody opens the door, the circuit is opened, and electricity can't flow. This triggers an alarm. In an open-circuit system, opening the door closes the circuit, so electricity begins to flow. In this system, the alarm is triggered when the circuit is completed
SHOCK SENSOR
TILT SENSOR
PRESSURE SENSOR
Breaking glass has its own sound frequency Air pressure brief change as door open, windows break, even if the inside outside pressure is the same
Detects radar/laser signals Try to disturb the reflected waves Emits jamming signals Warn the driver