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INTRODUCTION
Transportation contributes all round development of a country and hence plays a vital rate towards its progress. If the highways are not properly located and may contribute sediments to streams. The control of soil and water is basic to the protection of the road structure and therefore highway design, construction and maintenance must be continually evaluated to minimize erosion and sedimentation problems
TYPES OF EROSION
WIND EROSION
RAIN EROSION
WIND EROSION
Exposed slope of non-cohesive nonloose and dry soil Lack of shelter from wind Exposed surface with out any protection
RAIN EROSION
Rain erosion is phenomenon of transporting of soil particle due to water action, the influencing factors for rain water erosion are Potential of flowing water for initiating particle detachment Physical features ie topography, gradient, embankment slope etc Soil erodibility governed by clay content, particle size distribution, compaction , permeability, shear strength parameters etc of the soil
AGRONOMIC METHOD
Simple vegetative trufing
Mulching of slope
REINFORCED VEGETATION
Reinforced vegetation by using geo-textiles & other geomaterials improving slop stability Synthetics jute & coir used as geo-textiles geoGeoGeo-textiles are used for engineering applications due to their long life Disadvantage is that it causes air and water pollution while their non biodegradibility is responsible for increasing soil pollution
COIR GEOTEXTILES
Made from coconut fiber extracted from the husk of the coconut fruit It is a biodegradable organic fibre material containing cellulose and lignin It gives max protection to the soil
SILT FENCE
CONCLUSION
In all new construction erosion levels should be assessed in advance and appropriate protection measures are incorpoated in design. In case of existing structures facing erosion problems, both short term and long term measures should be considered to ensure stability. For overall economy use of locally available materials should be the first choice. In extreme climatic conditions polymeric grids with root reinforcing mechanism may be used even though they are costly
REFERENCE
Azeem A and Ali A (1992) Erosion causes and control techniques for slopes of banks and cuttings, proceeding Indian geotecnical conference 1992 ,pp;457-462 ,pp;457Indian highways vol 32 no:6 jane 2004 Coir organic fibre geotextiles for soil erosion control by coir board of India
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