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Types of Biofertilizers
Biofertilizers covered under FCO Other Biofertilizers not covered in FCO
equivalent N PSB biofertilizer can provide 12-20 kg P2O5/ha/season Mycorrhiza can provide adequate, P, other micro nutrients and help in increased water absorption Mixed biofertilizer give better impact Keep soils biologically active Help in soil health maintenance
Carrier based* in form of moist/dry powder or granules, or liquid based CFU minimum 5x107 cell/g of powder, granules or carrier material or 1x108 cell/ml of liquid.
Particles size in case of carrier All material shall pass through 0.15based material. 0.212mm IS sieve Moisture percent by weight, 30-40% maximum in case of carrier based.
(vi)
Total viable propagules/ gm 100 /gm of finished product of product, minimum Infectivity potential 80 infection points in test roots/gm of mycorrhizal inoculum used
standards and testing protocols for all biological and organic inputs at NCOF y 5 biofertilizers and 3 organic fertilizers covered under FCO y Efforts are under way to define standards and quality methods for Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Mixed cultures, KMB and EM
Production Scenario
2010-11 2009-09 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
East, 887, 2%
Maharashtra
2925
Madhya Pradesh
2455
3257
Kerala
Gujarat
6318
8691
Tamil Nadu
Above Six states account for 86% of total Biofertilizer production in the country
Production Technology
Biofertilizer Carrier based
Advantages Cheap Easier to produce Less investment Disadvantages Low shelf life Temperature sensitive Contamination prone Low cell count Less effective Automation difficult
Liquid based
Advantages Longer shelf life Easier to produce Temperature tolerant High cell count Contamination free More effective Disadvantages High cost Higher investment for production unit
Poor Acceptability
Poor Acceptability among farmers may be attributed to: a. Inconsistent responses b.Poor quality of carrier based products c. Sensitivity to temperature and short shelf life d.Non-compatibility with chemical seed dressers/ fertilizers e. Poor organic carbon in soils f. Dependence for supply on Government system
y y y
moisture potential Such as Exfoliated vermiculite, ppt grade silica, Quartz or inert mineral powder enriched with synthetic water holding gels. All carriers must be sterilized and Product handling process must be automatic Product must be free from contamination
competent units Having fully automatic product handling and packaging system Carrier sterilization facility Liquid production units with fully automatic operation be preferred Small units with manual production systems and small fermenters/shake flask are not successful
over single inoculants y Many producers have launched mixed liquid inoculants having Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB. y NCOF has found them suitable with individual count of 1x107 and total count > 5x 108 y States can promote use of mixed inoculants
Under Network Project on Biofertilizers, ICAR has launched liquid formulations for such mixed inoculants. Details available from NCOF/ICAR
through Government agencies which needs to be discontinued y Encourage producers to develop direct marketing channels and supply to farmers directly. y Subsidy can be provided on the lines of chemical fertilizers to the manufacturers or to the farmers directly.
Financial Support
y Adequate financial support is available under
most of the schemes both for capital investment and supply of produce y Subsidy at 25% of TFO up to Rs. 40 lakh available through Banks/NABARD under NPOF y States can also avail assistance under RKVY
of biofertilizers. States of Maharashtra and MP have also fared well But other states are legging behind PSB is the most potential biofertilizer and needs to be promoted on priority PSB strains are not affected by high fertilizer doses Punjab, Haryana and UP to chalk out specific strategies
South We st
34 54
7 10 20 30 40 50 60
fixed and remain in soil y Reserve is increasing y Microbial enrichment of soil is only option y Therefore multiple microorganism cultures need to be provided y PSB, KMB, EM and ZnSB application is to resorted on regular basis
Other Biofertilizers
Industry has launched many new biofertilizers. They have been found to be effective and needs to be promoted
y Acetobacter diazotrophicus Endophytic N-fixer in sugarcane y K-mobilizer (Fraturia and Bacillus sp) y Zn- solubilizer (Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus) y EM- Effective microorganisms a mixture of Yeasts, Lactobacillus and
Rhodopseudomonas. Excellent for quick residue degradation and fixed nutrient solubilization