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Ternary Compounds
Ternary compounds are those containing three different elements. (NaNO3, NH4Cl, etc.). The naming of ternary compounds involves the memorization of several positive and negative polyatomic ions, (two or more atoms per ion), and adding these names to the element with which they combine. i.e., Sodium ion, Na1+ added to the nitrate ion, NO31-, to give the compound, NaNO3, sodium nitrate. Binary rules for indicating the oxidation number of metals and for indicating the numbers of atoms present are followed. The polyatomic ions that should be learned are listed in a separate handout.
Phosphate
(PO43PO )31P 4O 3- = 35+ 5+ @ 2- = 8113@
Fluorine and oxygen are highly electronegative and will attract electrons very strongly. Generally, phosphorus will be 3- oxidation state: however, when combining with oxygen, phosphorus will lose five electrons and take on a 5+ oxidation charge.
phosphate phosphATE sulfATE sulfate carbonATE carbonate chlorATE chlorate nitrATE nitrate NH41+ OH1CN1-
2-
Exceptions:
ammonium
CO32ClO3 NO3
..
1- ..
hydroxide cyanide
..
1- ...
XYO4
per___-ate 1 more oxygen
XYO3
-ate normal
XYO2 XYO
-ite 1 less oxygen hypo___-ite 2 less oxygen
Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge.
BrO41-
Perbromate ion
Bromate ion
BrO31CO32-
Bromite ion
BrO21CO22ClO21IO21NO21PO33SO32-
BrO1Hypobromite ion
Carbonate ion
Chlorate ion
ClO31Iodate ion
IO31-
PO43-
Sulfate ion
SO42normal
1 less oxygen
Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge.
BrO41-
Perbromate ion
Bromate ion
BrO31CO32-
Bromite ion
BrO21CO22ClO21IO21NO21PO33SO32-
BrO1Hypobromite ion
Carbonate ion
Chlorate ion
ClO31Iodate ion
IO31-
PO43-
Sulfate ion
SO42normal
1 less oxygen
Ternary Compounds
NaNO2 KClO3 Ca3(PO4)2 Fe(OH)3 NaHCO3 sodium nitrite potassium chlorate calcium phosphate iron (III) hydroxide sodium bicarbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate
OH1Ca - O
H H
CaOH2 Ca(OH)2
HO - Ca - OH
Ternary Compounds
Ca3(PO4) 2 1. ________________ (NH4)2CO3 2. ________________ Al2(SO4)3 3. ________________ 4. 5. 6. Na2SO4 LiCN Ba(ClO3)2 calcium phosphate ammonium carbonate aluminum sulfate sodium sulfate ____________________ lithium cyanide ____________________ barium chlorate ____________________ copper (II) hydroxide
Cu(OH)2 7. ________________
Magnesium Phosphate
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Magnesium Phosphate
Mg2+ Mg 3
PO43(PO4) 2
Mg3(PO4)2
Ir F3 2O7)3 2(Cr (OH)2 Ca S (CrO Ti S2 4)2 (CH Pt Cl2 3COO)2 Br2 Ba(BrO3)2 SO Sr 3P2 4 CN KF (NO Zn I2 2)2 (ClO Mn Cl4 3)4 PO Au 2O34 Na NO3 3P
iridium (III) fluoride dichromate calcium sulfide hydroxide titanium (IV) sulfide chromate platinum (II) chloride acetate barium bromide bromate strontium phosphide sulfate potassium fluoride cyanide zinc iodide nitrite gold (III) oxide phosphate sodium phosphide nitrate
variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+
manganese (IV) chloride variable Mn2,3,4,6,7+ chlorate variable Au1+,3+ fixed Na1+
iridium (III) fluoride calcium sulfide titanium (IV) sulfide platinum (II) chloride barium bromide strontium phosphide potassium fluoride zinc iodide gold (III) oxide sodium phosphide
variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+
Ir 2(Cr2O7)3 Ca (OH)2 Ti (CrO4)2 Pt (CH3COO)2 Ba(BrO3)2 Sr 3SO4 KCN Zn (NO2)2 Mn (ClO3)4 Au PO4 Na NO3
iridium (III) dichromate calcium hydroxide titanium (IV) chromate platinum (II) acetate barium bromate strontium sulfate potassium cyanide zinc nitrite gold (III) phosphate sodium nitrate
variable Ir2+,3+,4+,6+ fixed Ca2+ variable Ti3+,4+ variable Pt2+,4+ fixed fixed fixed fixed Ba2+ Sr2+ K1+ Zn2+
Two nonmetals
carbonNdichloride sulfurtetrabromide NCl3 2O5 Greek prefixes
Multiple-charge cation
niobiumMn2S 3)4 Pt(IO (V) perchlorate vanadium (II) 5chromate Roman numeral for name only Polyatomic ions OK
Everything else
rubidium oxide barium sulfate NH4KI 3 ClO Roman numeral Polyatomic ions OK
Charge
CrissCross Rule
Where would you file this? VCrO4 BaO CBr4 dinitrogen pentoxide platinum (IV) iodate ammonium chlorate potassium iodide nitrogen trichloride manganese (V) sulfide
Roman numeral
Two nonmetals
Greek prefixes
Multiple-charge cation
Roman numeral for name only Polyatomic ions OK
Everything else
Roman numeral Polyatomic ions
Charge
CrissCross Rule
Where would you file this? VCrO4 BaO CBr4 dinitrogen pentoxide platinum (IV) iodate ammonium chlorate potassium iodide nitrogen trichloride manganese (V) sulfide
Roman numeral
Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-
When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3 6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)
Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-
When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3
Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+)
POP QUIZ
Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al3+ S22) Mg2+ PO43-
Answer Key
aluminum sulfide
Al2S3 Mg3(PO4)2
magnesium phosphate
When a formula is givenwrite the proper name. When a name is givenwrite the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni2S3 6) triphosphorus heptoxide 7) N2O5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH3C6H2(NO2)3 10) phosphoric acid H3PO4
barium oxide LiBr nickel (III) sulfide P3O7 dinitrogen pentoxide MoN2 21 8
Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb2+ or Pb4+) PbI4
CH3COO1-
Exceptions!
Two exceptions to the simple ide ending are the diatomic oxide ions, O22- and O21-. O22- is called peroxide O21- is called superoxide. barium oxide barium peroxide sodium oxide sodium peroxide potassium oxide potassium superoxide BaO __________ BaO2 __________ Na2O __________ Na2O2 __________ K2O __________ KO2 __________ Ba2+ Na1+ Do Not Reduce to lowest terms! K1+ Note the differences.
Ionic Compounds:
Polyatomic Ions
Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions
Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Grid to Memorize Chart of the Ions and Polyatomic Ions
Keys
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html
Keys
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html
No
Yes
No
Yes
This is a compound for which naming procedures have not yet been considered.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 102
Name the compound using procedures similar to those for naming binary ionic compounds.
Keys
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html
Keys
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Nomenclature.html