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Presented by:Anil Kumar (MB45) Brahmanand Bhargav Nitesh Kumar Chandwani Sachin Kumar Sanjay Kumar Singh
Outline
Introduction Geographical features Cultural characteristics Political characteristics Economical characteristics Market opportunities GDP MNCs References
Introduction
Caribbean
Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico(US)
Central
Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
South America
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
Geographical features
Major Mountain ranges
o Andes Mountains o Sierra Madre Mountains Oriental and Occidental
Rainforests Coastal Desert-Atacama Desert Amazon River Basin Tropical Grasslands-Pampas, Llanos Archipelagoes groups of related islands
Cont
Reversed seasons south of the Equator Volcanoes and Earthquakes Vertical Zonation of Climates in Mexico
o Tierra Templada-temperate o Tierra Fria-cold o Tierra Caliente-hot
Culture characteristics
Indian civilizations -Aztec, Inca African traditions - slaves Influences of European colonization - Spanish Predominance of the Roman Catholic religion Rigid social structure - no movement Mestizos-European and Native Location of settlements - coastal in South America Megacities with large squatter settlements Rapid population growth Out-migration
Cont
Cultural heritage
music-African influences, calypso, steel drum bands, reggae traditional dances Spanish and Portuguese languages
Cultural landscape
pyramids and cathedrals haciendas and ejidos (communal land) ruins at Machu Picchu ruins at Tikal
Political characteristics
Social and political realities of the region reveal a high degree of fragmentation of the social fabric Appearance of new actors with specific and isolated projects that respond to segmented demands than the general interests The regional outlook remains bleak despite the so-called alternative politics posed by Brazil, Venezuela and other socialist governments Return of external interventions will undoubtedly heighten existing conflicts and deepen inequalities Caribbean governments creating continuation of preferences or donors flows to engage all stakeholders civil society, the private sector, trade unions, the media, donors, and other - in a dialogue and partnership on the challenges and opportunities of sources of growth and competitiveness
Economic Characteristics
diverse economies subsistence farming plantation agriculture slash and burn agriculture cash crops and food crops Haciendas cattle ranches and gauchos Deforestation
Cont
destruction of the rainforests oil resources--Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico Heavy smog and pollution--Mexico City disparity of income distribution NAFTA member diverse mineral resources
o copper in Chile o iron ore in Venezuela and Brazil
Trade environment
Four preferential trade agreements in place
Central American Integration System Andean Community Common Market of the South Caribbean Community and Common Market
Cont
Central American Integration System (SICA)
To strengthen internal and regional democratization. Set of common market and of a political union in long run It include a common external tariff, an almost complete customs union and substantial advances in the area of free movement of persons, capitals and services To develop a closer political, cultural and migratory integration for member countries Introduced common internal borders
Cont
Andean Community
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Customs union
o Agreement abolished foreign exchange, financial and fiscal incentives, and export subsidies o Common external tariffs were established
Cont
Common Market of the South (Mercosur)
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Customs union, seeks to become common market
o internal tariffs eliminated o common external tariffs up to 20% established o in time, factors of production will move freely through member countries
Chile and Bolivia o associate members o participation in free trade area but not customs union
Cont
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
Antigua, Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Trinidad, Tobago Replaced Caribbean Free Trade Association Agreed to establish economic union with common currency in 1998
Market opportunities
Building Products and construction Electric power equipment and services Environment industries Information and communication technology (ITC) Oil and gas equipment and services Mining and minerals
Cont
Canada remains committed to concluding ongoing Free Trade Agreement negotiations with the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) and the Central America Four (CA4) countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and honduras.
Cont
In 2012 the momentum of the development of China-Latin American economic relations in recent years will be maintained.
o For Latin American, demand for Chinas cheap manufactured goods and investment is likely to increase as the regions economy will continue to recover from the past international financial crisis. o For Chinese, its economy will also continue to grow at a rapid speed, sustaining its huge demand for raw materials and commodities from abroad.
GDP
MNC
A number of MNCs have invested in Latin America seeking cheap labor for their manufacturing facilities. E.g. Maquila Companies have been strongly motivated to invested in Latin America seeking growth in new markets either organically or via acquisition E.g. Automotive industry Latin America is rich in natural resources.one third of global iron export. Natural resources assets acquired by resource seeking MNCs are normally sold to multiple markets. E.g. Gold(Peru), Silver, Nickel
Cont
Cont
US oil service firm Schlumberger outperforms its multinational peers in Latin America.
Energy firms lead the way in growth among multinationals in Latin America. US oil services firm Schlumberger led the way on the latest Latin MNC Index from Latin Business Chronicle, which measures quarterly performance of 25 multinational companies operating in Latin America based on their revenues in dollar terms. Other growth winners include French retail giant Groupe Casino, US oil service firm Halliburton, Spanish energy firm Iberdrola and US manufacturing giant Caterpillar.
References
www.latinamericalinks.com www.latinworld.com http://www.businesswithlatinamerica.com http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/latin_america http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5427 http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5343