INTRODUCTION

Communication: Transference of data from transmitting station to receiving station via channel is called communication. The transmitter modifies the baseband signal for efficient transmission. The channel is a medium such as wire, coaxial cable, a waveguide, an optical fiber, or a radio link through which the transmitter output is sent. The receiver reprocesses the signal received and the output is fed to the output transducer, which converts the electrical signal to its original form the message.
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MODULATION


Modulation is a process of superimposing information on a carrier by varying one of its parameters (amplitude, frequency or phase).




Need for Modulation ->

Modulating the signal over higher frequency can reduce antenna size. To differentiate among transmissions (stations) Maximum to minimum frequency ratio can be reduced to minimum by modulating the signal on a high frequency.




Types of Modulation ->

In general, there are three types of modulation: a) Amplitude Modulation b) Angle Modulation c) Pulse Modulation
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AMPLITUDE MODULATION


If the amplitude of the carrier is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal (information), it is called amplitude modulation.

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ANGLE MODULATION


Variation of the angle of carrier signal with time results in angle modulation. It is of two types a) Frequency Modulation b) Phase Modulation

Frequency Modulation
If the frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal (information), it is called frequency modulation.

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ANGLE MODULATION (cont..)

 

Phase Modulation If the Phase of the carrier is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal (information), it is called phase modulation. This modulation has got minimum use.

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Antenna is usually a metallic device (a rod or a wire) used for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves. The radio frequency power developed in the final stage of a transmitter is delivered through cables/feeders, without themselves consuming any power to the transmitting antenna The RF energy gets converted into electromagnetic waves and travels in the free space at the speed of light. The receiving antenna picks up the radio waves and delivers useful signal at the input of a receiver for reception of signals. The transmitting and receiving antennae are reciprocal in the sense, any characteristics of the antenna in general applies equally to both. Antenna Radiation Resistance The input impedance Zin of an antenna is the ratio of voltage to current at its input terminals, where the power is fed to the antenna. Zin = Ra + jXa, where Ra = Resistive part of impedance Xa = Reactive part of impedance Ra = Rr+Ri Rr = Radiation resistance of the antenna Ri = Ohmic loss resistance of the antenna.
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ANTENNA SYSTEM

 

 

     

DISH ANTENNA

 

All India Radio , Chetak udr. Height: 55mtrs

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MAST
 

 

All India Radio Station, chetak udr. Height of mast: 73.4 mtrs. Base impedence: 154.8 Mast current: 13 amp Feeder current : 9.3 amp Input resistance: 104 ohms
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VISIT TO
ALL INDIA RADIO, CHETAK (Udaipur)

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CONTROL ROOM
  

It includesincludesConsole designing: high reliability and continous operation. Digital control- min controlsignal path gives low distortion and noise. Mechanical dimension: 820*515*280mm.
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CONTROL ROOM


For two or more studios set up, there would be a provision for further mixing which is provided by a control console manned by engineers. Such control console is known as switching console. Broad functions of switching console in control room are as follows: Switching of different sources for transmission like News, O.Bs. other satellite based relays, live broadcast from recording studio. Level equalisation and level control. Quality monitoring. Signaling to the source location. Communication link between control room and different studios.
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SOUND RECORDING AND DUBBING ROOM

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SOUND RECORDING AND DUBBING ROOM



Recording room: Three numbers of receptacles for cassette outputs have been provided. The output impedance of the cassette recorder to 600 ohm. Red and green lamps are provided on the control panel for indications from and to control room and studios. Dubbing room: The arrangement is similar to the recording room except that an additional tape deck and a mixer unit have been provided. This arrangement allows mixing of programmes.
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TALK ROOM

Designing: It depends upon frequency or time of required specification.

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VISIT TO
ALL INDIA RADIO, MADRI (Udaipur)

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ANTENNA TRANSMITTER UNIT (ATU)



Function: used for impedance and capacitance matching. Antenna impedance coverage equals to 10 to 900 ohm. It should be housed inside a building ,surrounding ground level and constructed at the base of the antenna Monitoring facilities are provided to monitor feeder current and antenna current while tuning and for continuos monitoring of radiated transmitter.
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COMBINING UNIT/COMBINER

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COMBINER


To combine RF output of two 10kw mw transmitter provide higher output power. Parallel operation ensures greater reliability upto 5kw power reduced. Power Specification: Input power = 2*10kw. Output power = 20kw. frequency= 525kHz to 1605kHz. In combiner: Solid state-valves. Three valves in statetransmitter 1.
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AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)



It contains steady ac supply from fluctuating mains. Two for each transmitter ,used to control voltage. Features: High frequency. Zero waveform distortion. Low internal impedance. Zero phase shift Frequency range:47-63Hz. range:47Operating Principle: Induced voltage either in phase or out of phase with supply voltage. Voltage in first winding added or subtracted from mains depending on phase w.r.t line voltage.
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?
QUERIES

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THANK YOU

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