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Mold is a growing concern that has existed for thousands of years. It can be found virtually anywhere that has moisture and oxygen and grows on many organic materials like wood, paper, carpet and food. Controlling indoor moisture levels and removing existing mold are important ways to control mold growth indoors. Some common types of mold like Stachybotrys, Cladosporium and Penicillium can cause allergic reactions and health issues. Signs of a mold problem include musty odors, stained or moist materials and high humidity levels. Exposure to mold spores should be avoided due to potential respiratory and other health effects.
Mold is a growing concern that has existed for thousands of years. It can be found virtually anywhere that has moisture and oxygen and grows on many organic materials like wood, paper, carpet and food. Controlling indoor moisture levels and removing existing mold are important ways to control mold growth indoors. Some common types of mold like Stachybotrys, Cladosporium and Penicillium can cause allergic reactions and health issues. Signs of a mold problem include musty odors, stained or moist materials and high humidity levels. Exposure to mold spores should be avoided due to potential respiratory and other health effects.
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Mold is a growing concern that has existed for thousands of years. It can be found virtually anywhere that has moisture and oxygen and grows on many organic materials like wood, paper, carpet and food. Controlling indoor moisture levels and removing existing mold are important ways to control mold growth indoors. Some common types of mold like Stachybotrys, Cladosporium and Penicillium can cause allergic reactions and health issues. Signs of a mold problem include musty odors, stained or moist materials and high humidity levels. Exposure to mold spores should be avoided due to potential respiratory and other health effects.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
health and safety of the occupants and the remediation staff. This may mean the relocation of people to an alternate location while the remediation is taking place. Remediation should be conducted during off hours because people will not be in the area. IS MOLD SOMETHING NEW
It’s as old as the Bible
Leviticus 14:32-53 33And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 34“When you have come into the land of Canaan, which I give you as a possession, and I put the £leprous plague in a house in the land of your possession, 35and he who owns the house comes and tells the priest, saying, ‘It seems to me that there is some plague in the house,’ 36then the priest shall command that they empty the house, before the priest goes into it to examine the plague, that all that is in the house may not be made unclean; and afterward the priest shall go in to examine the house. 37And he shall examine the plague; and indeed if the plague is on the walls of the house with ingrained streaks, greenish or reddish, which appear to be deep in the wall, 38then the priest shall go out of the house, to the door of the house, and shut up the house seven days. 39And the priest shall come again on the seventh day and look; and indeed if the plague has spread on the walls of the house, 40then the priest shall command that they take away the stones in which is the plague, and they shall cast them into an unclean place outside the city. 41And he shall cause the house to be scraped inside, all around, and the dust that they scrape off they shall pour out in an unclean place outside the city. 42Then they shall take other stones and put them in the place of those stones, and he shall take other mortar and plaster the house. 43“Now if the plague comes back and breaks out in the house, after he has taken away the stones, after he has scraped the house, and after it is plastered, 44then the priest shall come and look; and indeed if the plague has spread in the house, it is an active leprosy in the house. It is unclean. 45And he shall break down the house, its stones, its timber, and all the plaster of the house, and he shall carry them outside the city to an unclean place. 46Moreover he who goes into the house at all while it is shut up shall be unclean until evening. 47And he who lies down in the house shall wash his clothes, and he who eats in the house shall wash his clothes. 48“But if the priest comes in and examines it, and indeed the plague has not spread in the house after the house was plastered, then the priest shall pronounce the house clean, because the plague is healed. 49And he shall take, to cleanse the house, two birds, cedar wood, scarlet, and hyssop. 50Then he shall kill one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water; 51and he shall take the cedar wood, the hyssop, the scarlet, and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird and in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times. 52And he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird and the running water and the living bird, with the cedar All About Mold Mold can be found virtually everywhere. They can grow on almost any organic substance as long as moisture and oxygen are present. Many types of mold grow on wood, paper, carpet, food, and insulation. When excess moisture is present in a building or its associated structures, mold growth will often occur, especially if the problem causing the mold is not corrected. While, eliminating all mold spores in the indoor environment is not realistic, it can be controlled indoors by controlling the moisture levels and removing already present mold. All About Mold Mold spores reproduce by creating spores that are generally not visible to the naked eye. Mold spores float through the air on a regular basis. When the spores land on a wet spot indoors or outdoors, they begin growing and eating whatever they are growing on in order to survive. Molds over time destroy what they grow on because their food is many of your household materials that contain cellulose. All About Mold Mold requires water to grow in. This may take the form of a puddle, flowing leak, or even very slight dampness. Therefore, it is important to prevent moisture problems in building. Moisture problems can have multiple causes such as uncontrolled humidity, leaks etc. Other moisture problems have been linked to changes in building construction practices over the last several decades. Some of these changes have resulted in buildings that are tightly closed. They often do not have sufficient ventilation. In many instances this has led to moisture and mold problems. Moisture problems can include roof leaks, landscaping problems such as insufficient grading, and leaking gutter problems, pipe condensation, cracked foundations, and unvented combustion appliances. Delayed maintenance or insufficient maintenance are also associated with moisture problems in buildings. Mold Facts All mold cannot be eliminated so it is essential to control moisture by eliminating moisture problems and leaks. Be sure to thoroughly dry any wet or even damp building materials within no more than 48 hours to prevent mold growth. Prevent condensation on cold surfaces such as windows, pipes, exterior walls, roofs, and floors by installing insulation wherever possible. Clean mold off the surfaces using the Caltex System but be aware that if the surface is absorbent and the mold infestation is severe, you may have to replace part or all of the surface. Mold Facts
• Do not install carpet in areas where there
have been moisture problems or where moisture is present such as bathroom, near drinking fountains, sections of piping, or sinks. This removes a food source and ensures easier cleanup. It also prevents potential destruction of materials. Remember, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. What Are the Major Types of Mold? Stachybotrys (stack-ee-BOT-ris) is member of the mold family. This particular member is known to produce airborne toxins. Some of the symptoms that Stachybotris produces are breathing problems, faintness, memory loss, hearing loss, and flulike symptoms. Two other commonly found mold types are Cladosporium and Penicillium. These molds can grow quickly and produce enough spores and intensity to cause allergic reactions. These reaction include asthma, breathing problems, sinus infections, headaches, coughing, and eye and throat irritation. There are two types of mold, Memnoniella and Aspergillus versicolor, which are known for producing airborne toxins. Airborne toxins are technically termed mycotoxins. These can cause much more severe problems among which are chronic fatigue, loss of balance and memory, irritability and difficulty speaking. Adverse Symptoms of Mold Exposure Asthma Eye irritation Rhinitis Coughing Chest Congestion Flu Like Symptoms Lung Damage Memory Loss Fever More Signs of Mold • Moist carpeting or stained ceiling tiles may signal a leak. The source will have to be determined. • Musty odors. These often signal mold growth. • Recently installed wallboard and other cover-ups. Replacing ceiling tiles or painting stained wallboards can cover a moisture problem, such as a leaky roof or cracked foundation. Signs of Mold Wall units or other such large items placed near external walls in humid climates such as the Southeastern United States. This can impair the potential for drying and promote condensation. Indoor plants are just another source of moisture that can raise the moisture level if they are allowed to leak onto furniture or wooden surfaces where mold can grow. Always place a catch bowl beneath plants and clean it regularly. Signs of Mold High humidity can indicate poor ventilation and a moisture problem. Vents installed on the external siding are another indicator of a home moisture problem. Keep a temperature- humidity gauge in the classroom or your living room. Relative humidity should be consistently below 60%. Heat or air conditioning being shut down for long periods such as summer vacation, or in vacation or second homes. This is especially relevant in humid areas such as the Southeastern United States. WHERE DO YOU FIND MOLD What Are Some Problems Mold Can Cause?
Mold destroys the surface it grows on. Remember,
mold is an organism whose job it is to cause decay. Mold can be multi-colored, wet and mushy, furry looking, and smelly. Exposure to mold spores can cause respiratory distress, illness, and allergic reactions of various severities based on the individual, length of exposure, and the amount of exposure. In areas of mold infestation there is often a strong musty odor and dank air quality. Hidden Mold Sources • Back side of dry wall, wallpaper or paneling • Top of ceiling tiles • Underside of carpets and pads etc. • Pipe chases and utility tunnels • Walls behind furniture • Condensate drain pans inside air handling units, porous thermal or acoustic liners inside ductwork • Roof materials above ceiling tiles (due to rook leaks or insufficient insulation). Materials such as dry wall with vinyl wallpaper over it or wood paneling can act as vapor barriers which trap moisture underneath and provide a moist environment for mold. You may suspect hidden mold if a building smells moldy but you cannot see the source, or if you know there has been water damage and building occupants are reporting health problems. Why Perform Mold Testing? It is essential to have mold testing and sampling performed because: Mold spores are too small to be seen and conclusively identified as a particular species of mold. The extent of contamination cannot be determined without sampling and testing. Species of mold have varying health ramifications. It is essential to have a pre-remediation air sampling to compare to the post remediation air testing (also compared to outdoor air quality). To educate the customer particularly if they are mold sensitive and to take appropriate action to protect the customer and your staff members. The Advantages of Cal-Brite Versus Cleaners, Biocides, Sanitizers, and Encapsulants There are 4 basic categories that base most of the mold remediation products available today. These are as follows: Cleaners Biocides
Sanitizers
Encapsulants Cal-Brite
Cal-Briteis a sanitizer and when used will kill
as much mold as a more chemically potent or harmful biocide. In addition, it retards the regrowth of mold. Sanitizers A sanitizer can kill bacteria or mold but renders inactive the mold or bacteria and makes it much harder for mold or bacteria to re-grow on the treated sanitized surface. The Cal-Brite Solution ► Cal-Brite will kill the mold or bacteria AND retard its regrowth. Using Cal- Brite and following all EPA mold remediation project guidelines and cleaning steps if performed correctly by the contractor ensures that the mold and bacteria are killed and that the dead mold parts are vacuumed and removed to prevent allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. Bleach Chlorine bleach is a biocide. However, it is hazardous to people and should never be mixed with other compounds such as ammonia. Bleach leaves the surface wet or damp and slightly slimy to the touch. Since bleach does NOT retard the growth of mold like Cal-Brite does, the mold can grow again leading to a vicious cycle of bleaching and mold growing. Eventually, the homeowner may become frustrated and ask if there if anything that does not act as a fertilizer that actually retards the regrowth of mold. Biocides are not recommended because the mold parts can still cause allergic reactions after they are dead. This is especially applicable to sensitized individuals. Biocides • A biocide refers to an agent that kills bacteria and mold-biological agents. The last 4 letters of the word mean “kill/death”. Therefore, it means the death of a biological organism. There are several types of biocides. Fungicides are developed to kill mold. Virucides are created to kill viruses. True biocides are created to kill bacteria. However, different types of biocides are not effective against all molds or kinds of contamination. A virucide may have no effect against mold. Some biocides claim to be very effective but they are not necessarily as effective as a dedicated virucide or fungicide. no biocide is 100% effective against all types of mold and bacteria; a few spores may survive. Cleaners
A cleaner by definition loosens the surface
material and thus makes it easier to wipe off or “clean”. Cleaners do not kill the bacteria or mold. Small Mold Areas Contaminated materials that cannot be cleaned should be removed from the building in a sealed plastic bag. Moldy bagged materials can simply be placed in the regular garbage. The work area and areas used by remedial workers for egress should be cleaned with a mop and the Caltex System. This is important to prevent the spread of mold spores which may have been tracked in and out. The job site should be left clean and dry, with no debris or obvious mold problem Medium Sized Areas A medium sized areas is defined as being 10- 30 square feet. This can include any of the surfaces commonly devoured by mold. Remediation can be conducted by maintenance staff. Such persons should receive training on proper clean up methods, personal protection, and potential health hazards. Training is essential. You must comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Large Mold Areas A large mold problem is defined as being 30-100 square feet. Microbial investigations should be performed prior to remediation activities to provide guidance. Before Remediation Are the building materials or furnishings visibly damaged? Is mold readily apparent? Has maintenance been delayed or the maintenance plan changed? Has the building been recently remodeled or changed? Look at the plans? Is consultation with health professional indicated? Have there been grading problems or streams/springs nearby? Mold Remediation Steps • Discard moldy items that can’t be cleaned • Dry non-moldy items within 48 hours • Check for return of the mold and moisture problem How Can I Prevent Mold From Growing? ► Fix leaky plumbing and leaks in the building ASAP ► Watch for condensation and wet spots. Fix the moisture source ASAP. ► Prevent moisture due to condensation by increasing surface temperature or reducing the moisture level in the air. To increase the surface temperature, insulate or increase air circulation. To reduce the moisture level in air, repair leaks, increase ventilation (if air outside is cold and dry) or dehumidify (if outdoor air is warm and humid). ► Keep heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) drip pans clean, flowing Suggestions for Reducing Mold Growth Vent showers and other moisture- generating sources to the outside. This reduces internal humidity. Change filters in furnaces and ventilation systems regularly. Use air conditioners and de-humidifiers. Be sure they are in proper working condition. Provide adequate ventilation to maintain indoor humidity levels between 30-60%. Use exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning in food How Can I Prevent Mold From Growing? Vent moisture generating appliances such as dryers to the outside where possible. Maintain low indoor humidity, below 60% relative humidity, ideally 30-50%, if possible. Perform regular HVAC building inspections and maintenance as scheduled. Clean and dry wet or damp spots within 48 hours. Do not let foundations stay wet. Provide drainage and slope ground away from the foundation. Fix foundation cracks and waterproof basements. Ensuring proper external grading is also crucial.