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An object at rest, or moving in a straight line with constant velocity, will continue like that unless acted upon by a force
F = ma
force equals mass times acceleration
F = m(v - u) t
=v-u
t
If a force of F newtons, acting on an object of m kg, causes an acceleration a ms-2, then F = ma. The acceleration continues for as long as the force is acting, and if the force is constant, so is its acceleration.
FN
21 N
0.4 ms-2
1520 N
RN
1200 kg
a ms-2 RN
400 kg 350 N What do I know? What do I want to know? v - final velocity a - acceleration u - initial velocity t time Which equation involves these 4 ? v =
u + at
0.7 ms-2 RN
400 kg 350 N
a ms-2 70 N
400 kg
-0.175 ms-2
What do I know? v - final velocity u - initial velocity a - acceleration
70 N
v = u + at
-0.175 ms-2
What do I know? v - final velocity u - initial velocity a - acceleration t time
70 N
s = 1/2 (v+u) t
N2L : F = ma
When an object is dropped, the acceleration on it is provided by gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is denoted by g. [Without air resistance] On Earth, all objects fall with acceleration 9.8 ms-2.
g = 9.8 ms-2
Weight
Weight (measured in Newtons) is the force of gravity acting on an object
acceleration is g ms-2
weight E.g an object of
m kg
N2L : F = ma
F = mg
4N
5 kg weight
a ms-2
TN
2.5kg weight
2.2 ms-2
TN
2.5kg weight
2.2 ms-2
24.5) N upwards
Tension T
30o
60o 30o
30o
In questions with slopes, it always works out easiest to resolve forces parallel and perpendicular to the slope.
Parallel to slope
weight
20 N
Perpendicular to slope
0.5 ms-2
40o
0.5
ms-2
40o 27.44 N
0.5
ms-2
50o 27.44 N
40o
0.5
ms-2
50o 27.44 N
19 N
40o
If an object is accelerating in a force question then you need to used N2L to work out the resultant force providing the acceleration
Friction - Reminder
An object is kept in equilibrium (forces will balance) when
F = Friction; R - normal
In
F = QR
Also [new bit], Once the object is moving the friction stays constant at
F = QR
a ms
F
20o 49 N
a ms
F
20o 49 N
F = QR
= ma Resultant = 5 x a = 5a N
a ms
6.5 N 49 N
20o
Resolve Horizontally
Resultant = 80 cos 20 - 6.5 N = 75.2 - 6.5 = 68.7 N Resultant = 5a 68.7 = 5a a = 68.7 / 5 = 13.7 ms-2
Shallow slope
F e QR
Normal Reaction
Steep slope
F = QR
a ms-2
R F
30o 49 N 60o
a ms-2
24.5 F
F = QR
49 N 60o
a ms-2
24.5 7.35N
Resolve Parallel to slope A resultant force must exist to make the object accelerate
30o 49 N 60o
a ms-2
R T 40o
Friction acts against the motion
F 40o 27.44 N
F = QR
1.5 ms
pulley
weight weight
LINK
http://www.mathsnet.net/asa2/2004/m14pulley.html
5kg
10kg
Example
Calculate the acceleration and the tension in the string Same acceleration First: Draw Force diagrams
a ms-2
T
12 kg
T a ms-2
4 kg 39.2 N
12 kg
4 kg
117.6 N
Example
Left Weight
Calculate the acceleration and the tension in the string First: Draw Force diagrams
T a ms-2
12 kg
T a ms-2
4 kg 39.2 N
117.6 N
Example
Left Weight
Calculate the acceleration and the tension in the string First: Draw Force diagrams
117.6 - T = 12a
Right Weight
T - 39.2 = 4a 117.6 - T = 12a T - 39.2 = 4a + 117.6 - 39.2 = 16a 78.4 = 16a a = 78.4 / 16 = 4.9 ms-2
T a ms-2
12 kg
T a ms-2
4 kg 39.2 N
117.6 N
a ms-2
5kg
5kg
5g = 49 N
T a ms-2
10kg
10kg
10g = 98 N
a ms-2
5kg 5g = 49 N
T a ms-2
10kg
10g = 98 N
Modeling Assumptions
The cable does not stretch The cable/string is weightless
m1
The surface is smooth (questions with friction will always have the word rough in them and talk about the coefficient of friction) There is no friction here Air resistance is negligible
m2
Normal Reaction
Air pushed down
Weight
The [towing] force the car exerts on the caravan is EQUAL TO the force the caravan exerts on the car The forces in the coupling are equal and opposite. This fact is used to solve problems.
a ms-2
First: Draw Force diagrams
R2
400 kg
T T
Opposite and equal force
1200 kg
6000 N
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
The [towing] force the car exerts on the caravan is EQUAL TO the force the caravan exerts on the car The forces in the coupling are equal and opposite. This fact is used to solve problems.
a ms-2
First: Draw Force diagrams
R2
500 kg 100 N Weight =500g 200 N
R1
T T
Opposite and equal force
1500 kg
8000 N
Weight =1500g
= ma
= ma 6000 - T = 1200a
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
a ms-2
First: Draw Force diagrams
R2
500 kg 100 N Weight =500g 200 N
R1
T T
Opposite and equal force
1500 kg
8000 N
Weight =1500g
Force diagrams
R2
500 kg 100 N Weight =500g 200 N
R1
T T
Opposite and equal force
1500 kg
8000 N
Weight =1500g
120kg 30kg
T1
120kg
T1
120kg
Bottom Weight
T1
120kg
Examples
Mechanics 1 book
Exercise B [page 111]
all
Normal Reaction
Air pushed down
Weight
The [towing] force the car exerts on the caravan is EQUAL TO the force the caravan exerts on the car The forces in the coupling are equal and opposite. This fact is used to solve problems.
a ms-2
First: Draw Force diagrams
R2
400 kg
T T
Opposite and equal force
1200 kg
6000 N
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
R2
400 kg
a ms-2
R1
1200 kg 6000 N
T T
Opposite and equal force
Weight =400g
Weight =1200g
a ms-2
First: Draw Force diagrams
R2
500 kg 100 N Weight =500g 200 N
R1
T T
Opposite and equal force
1500 kg
8000 N
Weight =1500g
R2
500 kg 100 N Weight =500g 200 N
R1
T T
Opposite and equal force
1500 kg
8000 N
Weight =1500g
120kg 30kg
T1
120kg
T1
120kg
Bottom Weight
T1
120kg
Examples
Mechanics 1 book
Exercise B [page 111]
all