Computer and Internet Basics

By:Sangeetha

Objectives
Define Computers Explore Computer Functions Categorize Computers Examine Personal Computer Systems Explore Data, Information, and Files
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Objectives
Introduce Application and System Software Define Internet Basics Connect to the Internet Understand World Wide Web Basics Use Browsers Understand E-mail Basics EUnderstand some current Internet terminology
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A Computer is a device that

accepts input processes data stores data produces output
(all according to a series of stored instructions)
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Computer Functions
Input

Words, symbols, numbers, sound, pictures, program instructions

Program calculates, sorts modifies data Process Uses microprocessor or CPU

Output

Results of processing Reports, graphs, documents, pictures Printer or monitor Memory is temporary holding area (RAM) Storage is permanent (disk)
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Store

Computer system consists of:

Hardware: microprocessor Peripheral devices: input and output Software: programs
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Computer Network
Two or more computers that are connected and share data and programs
LAN is a Local Area Network WAN is a Wide Area Network
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Categorizing Computers

Cost Usage Size Capability

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Computers to Fit Every Need

Five basic categories
Mobile devices Personal computers Midrange servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers
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Mobile Devices
Very small computing devices. Usually based on a wireless phone or pager. Many can be used to access e-mail and Web pages.
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Less Powerful Computers

Handheld computer/PDA

PC/microcomputer Workstations Videogame console

Sony PlayStation PlayStation
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More Powerful Computers

Server
Supplies network computers with data

Mainframe
Large, expensive, powerful, many users Reliability, data security, central control important

Supercomputer
Fastest and most powerful
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Personal Computers, Contd.

Desktop computerssmall enough computers to fit on or next to a desk. Can use:
Desktop case Tower case All-in-one case All-in-

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Personal Computers, Contd.

Portable PCsdesigned to be PCs carried around.
Notebook computers Tablet PCs (either slate or convertible) Handheld computers (pocket computers)
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Portable Computer Variety

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Personal Computers, Contd.

PCs designed for just network use are referred to as network computers (NCs) or thin clients. clients. Devices designed just for Internet access are called Internet appliances. appliances.
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Midrange Servers
MediumMedium-sized computers, also called minicomputers or midrange computers. computers. Fall between microcomputers and mainframes in processing power.

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Mainframe Computers
Standard choice for most large organizations. Specialize in high-volume processing of highbusiness transactions. Also called high-end highservers or enterpriseenterpriseclass servers.

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Supercomputers
Used for applications that have extraordinary demands for processing power. Offer very fast speeds and extreme degrees of accuracy. Commonly created today by connecting hundreds of smaller computers to form a supercomputing cluster.
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Computer System
Peripherals

Computer +

input devices + output devices + storage devices

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System Unit

Power Supply Storage Devices Circuit Boards

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Input/Output Devices
Monitor Keyboard Mouse Modem Printer Speakers/sound card
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Storage Devices
Floppy disk drive Hard disk drive CDCD-ROM drive DVD drive CD writer DVD writer USB (Universal Series Bus)
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Data vs. Information

Data (symbols) used by computers

Information (meaningful) used by people

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Software
The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do. System software allows a computer to operate and run application software. Application software performs specific tasks or applications.
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Data and Information

Data = raw, unorganized facts.
Can be in the form of text, graphics, text, graphics, audio, audio, or video.

Information = data that has been processed into a useful form.

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Data
Binary number system to define electronic data 0 or 1 Bit Byte (8 bits) (8 Kilobyte (1064 b) (1064 Megabyte (1064 kb) (1064 Gigabyte (1064 Mb) (1064 Terabyte (1064 Gb) (1064
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Files
Collection of data on a storage medium Data file (dat, etc.) Executable file (exe, bat) Filename and extension
Image.jpg Word.exe Resume.doc
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System Software
Helps the computer monitor itself in order to function efficiently Operating system
Master controller of all computer activities

Popular operating systems

PCs: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS Handhelds: Windows CE and Palm OS Servers: Linus and UNIX
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Platform
Microprocessor + Operating system

Mac and PC compatibility is an issue Apple computer = Mac platform IBM or PC computer = Windows, Linux, GNU, etc.)
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Application Software
Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint

Designed to carry out a particular task

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Internet Basics
Internet is a collection of local, regional, national and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks.

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Internet Terminology
Backbone: defines main Internet routes
Constructed and maintained by major telecommunications companies

TCP/IP:
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

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Internet Terminology
Server software IP Address: unique Address: number for each Internet computer Packets: Packets: small chunks of data ready to travel the Internet Router: Router: helps send along the packets to correct destination
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Internet Resources
Internet Telephony Usenet E-commerce Instant Messaging Web Sites E-mail Internet Radio Download Or Upload Chat Groups
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P2P file sharing

Modem Internet Connections

DialDial-up connection via modem (56K) 56K) Cable modems
Network card and cable modem required Always-on and 25 times faster than dial-up Alwaysdial-

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Faster Internet Connections

ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network)
64K or 128K 64K 128K Always-on and expensive Always-

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

Up to 125 times faster than dialup

DSS (Digital Satellite Service)

500K 500K

Fiber Optics
Need proximity to a telephone switching station
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Provides internet access to businesses, organizations and individuals Provides telecommunications equipment User ID and password required Connects you to backbone E-mail account monthly fee Should have local access telephone numbers
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World Wide Web Basics

Files interconnected via hypertext Web pages make up a web site Home Page Links or hyperlinks Web servers

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World Wide Web Basics

URL
No spaces and Case sensitive HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

.htm or .html file extension

http://www.cnn.com/showbiz/movies.htm
Web protocol standard Web server name Folder name Document name and filename 44 extension

Search Engines

Keywords
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Using Browsers
Can type URLs HTML tags tell browser how to display web page data Back, forward and stop buttons Setting a home page Print and copy options History list Favorites and bookmarks Edit and Find
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator
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E-mail Basics
Account = Mailbox Message userid@computer Attachment Most use HTML format Netiquette

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E-mail System
E-mail servers Store-andStore-and-forward technology Types
POP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISP IMAP (Internet Messaging Access Protocol) Web-based like Hotmail Web-

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E-mail System

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Conversion Software
File Compression (Zip, Rar, etc.) Music (MP3, wav, midi, etc.) (MP3 Video (MP4, mpeg, wma, wmv, flv, (MP4 avi, mov, DivX, etc.) Picture (jpg, jif, bmp, Tiff, etc.)
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Adobe
Acrobat Reader Flash FLV

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Podcasting and RSS

A podcast is a series of digital media files, usually either digital audio or video, that is made available for download via the Internet or web syndication RSS: Really Simple Syndication, is a Syndication, family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated workssuch works as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and videoin a standardized format video
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Torrents
A popular file sharing service developed that allows people to download constantly in small packets. Instead of downloading an entire file, torrent software breaks a file into chunks and distributes them among all participating users, who then users, share the download/ upload task Limewire, BitComet, Napster, Azureus, etc. 53

Internet Slang or Netlingo

LOL Laugh Out Loud ROFL Rolling on Floor Laughing BRB Be Right Back BTW By The Way FYI For Your Information Emoticons ie: :) :( ;) :-) :54

Social Networking
Facebook Twitter MySpace Classmates.com Flickr Blogging (eg Livejournal)
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Computer and Internet Basics

Thank U..

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