Bounded and Unbounded Medium Technologies And ISP.

PRESENTED BY: ADITYA PAUL SHARMA

CONTENTS
y DEFINITION y CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIA TYPE y TWISTED PAIR CABLE y CO-AXIAL CABLE y INFRARED y MICROWAVES y FIBRE OPTICS y COMPARISON TABLE

DEFINITION
y The term Transmission media refer to the technical

device which employs the material substance to transmit or guide the waves. y Transmission media are the physical pathways that connect computers, other devices, and people on a networkthe highways and byways that comprise the information superhighway

Classification of Media

  

Twisted pair Co-axial cable Fiber optic

 

Microwave Infrared

Twisted Pair
y Least expensive and widely used y Consists of two copper wires arranged in regular

spiral pattern. y Can transmit both analog and digital. y Most commonly used medium in telephone network.
 Two types:  UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE  SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP) CABLE

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

y Set of twisted pairs of cable within a plastic sheet y Transmission rate of 10-100Mbps y Least expensive y Maximum cable segment is 100meters y Very flexible and easy to work y Uses RJ-45 connector y Most susceptible to electrical inference or cross talk

Advantages

Disadvantages

y Easy to terminate y Cost of installation is

y It is very noisy y It covers less distance y It suffers from

less
y High installed base

interference

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

y It offers protective sheathing around the copper y y y y y y

wire. Provides better performance at lower data rates. Not commonly used Installation is easy Distance is only 100-500 meters Special connecters are required. Also suffers from outside interference.

Comparison : UTP and STP

Coaxial Cable

It is an electrical cable Invented by Oliver Heaviside in1880

Applications
y 1920s- Interoffice trunks y 1950s- Submarine cables y Late 1960s- Data processing y 1980-1987- LANs y Used for both analog and digital data transmission y In Cable television network

Advantages

Disadvantages

Broadband Systems Greater bandwidth Lower error rates Used for both analog and digital data transmission

Bidirectional upgrade required Great noise Higher installation cost Number of node connections is limited Susceptible to damage from lightning

INFRA-RED
Used for short range communication Applications of IR technology are y Car locking systems y Home security systems y Telephones y Navigations systems y TVs,VCRs,CD players, stereos

Advantages

Disadvantages

y Low circuitry cost y Simple circuitry y Higher security y High noise immunity

Speed Light weather

sensitive Short range Blocked by common materials

MICROWAVES
y EM Waves having frequencies from 1~300 GHz y Use of certain portions of the band requires y y y y

permission from authorities Overcomes limitations of Guided Media Unidirectional Used in WLAN, Cellular Phones, Satellite Networks Often known as the Workhorse of the Wireless World

Limitations

Applications

y Repeaters are required

y Cellular Phone

to maintain the signal strength.

Network y Wireless LAN y Point-to-Point communication

OPTIC FIBRE CABLE

y It is a light pipe which is used to carry a light beam

from one place to another. y They may be single, but often they are bundled together in centre of cable y They are either single mode or multimode. y Multimode use multiple light paths whereas single mode use single light path

CHARACTERISTICS
y Transmission rate is 100Mbps y Not affected by electrical interference y Most expensive cable y They support cable length of 2km or more y Supports video, audio and data. y Provides most secured media. y Not very flexible, difficult to work

Advantages
y y y y y y y y y y y y

Disadvantages
y High initial cost y Maintenance cost and

Wide bandwidth Low losses Immune to cross talk Interference immune Lightweight Small size Long term benefits More strength Security Long distance transmission Environment immune Safe and easy installation.

repairing

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS

y An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that

provides access to the Internet.

CLASSIFICATION
y Access ISPS y Hosting ISPS y Transit ISPS

ACCESS ISPS
y Access ISPs directly connect customers to the

Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. y Typical home user connectivity
  

Broadband wireless access Cable Internet Dial-up

ISDN Modem

 

DSL Wi-Fi

y Business-type connection  DSL ( Digital Subscriber Line)  Metro Ethernet technology  Leased line  SHDSL (Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line )

HOSTING ISPS
y Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller

businesses and host other people servers. y Hosting ISPs routinely provide email, FTP, and webhosting services. y Other services include virtual machines, clouds, or entire physical servers where customers can run their own custom software.

TRANSIT ISPS
y Transit ISPs provide large tubes for connecting

hosting ISPs to access ISPs. y Peering



ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitteddata that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.

Derivatives Of ISPS
y Virtual ISPS  A Virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation which purchases services from another ISP (sometimes called a "wholesale ISP" in this context) which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. y Free ISPS  Free ISPs are Internet Service Providers (ISPs) which provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the users' attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, often called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.

THANK YOU!!!