Implement VTP

LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 4

Version 4.0

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Objectives
   Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched network Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning. Configure VTP on the switches in a converged network.

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What is VTP?

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Small Network

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Large Network

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VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol)

 Before discussing VTP, it is important to understand that VTP is not necessary in order to configure VLANs or Trunking on Cisco Switches. Benefits  VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that allows VLAN configuration to be consistently maintained across a common administrative domain.  VTP minimizes the possible configuration inconsistencies that arise when changes are made.  Additionally, VTP reduces the complexity of managing and monitoring VLAN networks, allowing changes on one switch to be propagated to other switches via VTP.  On most Cisco switches, VTP is running and has certain defaults already configured.

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VTP
 VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used to distribute and synchronize information about VLANs that are configured throughout a switched network.  Switches transmit VTP messages only on 802.1Q and ISL trunks.  Note: VTP is not required to configure trunking between switches, but is used to simplify VLAN management.  VTP Server This is the default VTP mode. VLANs can be created, modified, and deleted.  VTP Client This behaves like a VTP server without the ability to create, change, or delete VLANs.  VTP Transparent Switches in the VTP Transparent mode do not participate in VTP.
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VTP Operation
VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames. VTP servers and clients are synchronized to the latest revision number. VTP advertisements are sent every 5 minutes or when there is a change.

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VTP Version
 VTP has three versions, 1, 2, and 3. Only one VTP version is allowed in a VTP domain.  The default is VTP version 1. A Cisco 2960 switch supports VTP version 2.  A discussion of VTP versions is beyond the scope of this course.

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Displaying VTP Status

 VTP Version-Displays the VTP version the switch is capable of running. By default, the switch implements version 1, but can be set to version 2.  Configuration Revision-Current configuration revision number on this switch. You will learn more about revisions numbers in this chapter.  Maximum VLANs Supported Locally-Maximum number of VLANs supported locally.  Number of Existing VLANs-Number of existing VLANs.  VTP Operating Mode-Can be server, client, or transparent.  VTP Domain Name-Name that identifies the administrative domain for the switch.

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Show VTP Status

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Default VTP Configuration

 VTP automatically distributes and synchronizes domain and VLAN configurations across the network  Only add switches that are in their default VTP configuration.
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VTP Domains

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VTP Domains
 VTP allows you to separate your network into smaller management domains.  A VTP domain consists of one switch or several interconnected switches sharing the same VTP domain name.  A switch can be a member of only one VTP domain at a time.  Until the VTP domain name is specified you cannot create or modify VLANs on a VTP server, and VLAN information is not propagated over the network.

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VTP Operation - Advertisements

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VTP Modes Overview

 VTP Server This is the default VTP mode. VLANs can be created, modified, and deleted.  VTP Client This behaves like a VTP server without the ability to create, change, or delete VLANs.  VTP Transparent Switches in the VTP Transparent mode do not participate in VTP.

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VTP Modes

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VTP Pruning

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VTP Pruning
 VTP pruning prevents unnecessary flooding of broadcast information from one VLAN across all trunks in a VTP domain.  VTP pruning permits switches to negotiate which VLANs are assigned to ports at the other end of a trunk and, hence, prune the VLANs that are not assigned to ports on the remote switch.  Pruning is disabled by default. VTP pruning is enabled using the vtp pruning global configuration command.  Pruning needs to be enabled on only one VTP server switch in the domain.

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VTP Pruning Enabled

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Configuring VTP

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Configuring VTP

Confirm the Details

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Configuring VTP

Configure Domain

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Configuring VTP

Add VLANs and Trunks

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Configuring VTP

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Configuring VTP

Confirm the Defaults

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Configuring VTP

Enable VTP Client Mode

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Configuring VTP

Verify VTP Status

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Configuring VTP

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Configuring VTP

Confirm VTP Operation

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Configuring VTP

Configure Access Ports

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Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration problems

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Summary
 VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to exchange VLAN information across trunk links.  A switch can be in one of 3 VTP operating modes
Client - Cannot create, modify or delete VLAN Server - Can create, modify & delete VLAN Transparent - Can create, modify, & delete LOCAL VLAN Forwards VTP advertisements.

 VTP pruning
Limits unnecessary dissemination of VLAN information.

 Verify VTP configuration

Show VTP status Show interfaces trunk
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