A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers

to consumers using two-way digital twotechnology to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency.

 Self healing Empower and incorporate the consumer Tolerant of attack Provides power quality needed by 21st century
consumers Accommodates a wide variety of generation options (like green energy) Fully enables maturing electricity markets

 VARIABLE TARIFF-BASED LOAD TARIFF ENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK  REAL-TIME PORTFOLIO IMBALANCE REDUCTION REAL OFFERING RESERVE CAPACITY TO THE TSO  DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTION
MANAGEMENT  DISTRIBUTION GRID CELL ISLANDING IN CASE OF HIGHERHIGHER- SYSTEM INSTABILITY

 BLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSES

 INTEGRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES

 Independent processors in each component at each subsubstation and power plant Sensors are connected to all other components in the system Own state and of all other components are known and communicated

On addition of new devices to the system device parameters are automatically updated The new component also has a built-in processor

TYPICAL BLACK-OUT SEQUENCE BLACK a sudden outage of major lines occurs further outage due to overload leaves the system

imbalanced frequency declines with large generation load imbalance generation is taken off-line offisland blacks out long time taken to restore power

 emergency imposed on the system frequency & load/generation imbalance is determined and total outage is prevented

Distribution system needs many changes to come in sync with requirements for the implementation of smart grid

DESIRED OPTIMISATIONS

DEMAND OPTIMISATION DELIVERY OPTIMIZATION ASSET OPTIMIZATION RENEWABLES OPTIMIZATION

Refers to monitoring, control & communication functions Important aspects of DA are in areas of protection and switching Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected network of feeders

FEATURES OF DA
Can detect fault current and voltages Can help in self-healing of the grid selfCan communicate with one another

PROCESS OF DA

 DATA COLLECTION
 DATA VALIDATION  ESTABLISH WEATHER SENSITIVITY  DATA CATEGORIZATION  CALIBRATION

 Residential, Small Office & commercial building sector

responsible for over 50% of total electricity consumption Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated as an interconnected network instead of single units Able to communicate, interact & negotiate with both customers & energy devices in local grid Grid operated more efficiently as consumption is better predicted

FEATURES OF SMART HOME

MICROGENERATION SMART METERS LOCAL STORAGE UNITS

A communication technique to automatically collect the meter readings & other relevant data from meters AMR has benefits beyond meter reading It provides crucial data on an insight into other areas of operation

PROCESS OF AMR

DATA RETRIVAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES RF BASED COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE BASED COMMUNICATION

 1.

SMARTER METER SECURITY ISSUES DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING FUNCTION 2. FAULT LOCATION FUNCTION 3. SERVICE RESTORATION FUNCTION

SMARTER METER

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