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Orthographic Projection
a system of drawing views of an object using perpendicular projectors from the object to a plane of projection
Projection of an Object
Transferring Dimensions
2.
Sketch light lines projecting depth locations for points to miter line and then down into side view as shown.
3.
4.
Draw the view locating each vertex of the surface on the projection and miter line.
Multiview Sketching
Represents a 3-D object with a series of 2-D views in contrast to pictorials which show all three dimensions in a single view Also called orthographic projection
Multiview Drawing
Pictorial
Parallel projection
Preserves true relationship between features
Lines that are parallel on the object are parallel on the drawing
Parallel
Parallel
Principle views
The object is rotated 90 degrees about the horizontal or vertical axis to give six principle views (top, bottom, front, rear, left, and right side) Common views: top, front, and right side
Hidden lines
Represented with dashed lines Precedence of lines (visible, hidden, center) Views should be selected to minimize the use of hidden lines most descriptive view should be selected as the front view
Fold Lines
Represents a 90 degree fold between views Generally not shown on engineering drawings except when views other than the principle views (auxiliary views) are used.
Central View
A view that is between two adjacent views The front view is the central view of the top, front, and right side view
Related views
Two views that are adjacent to a central view The top and right side view are related views since they are both adjacent to the front view
The top and front views of a surface are shown The fold line represents a 3 90 degree fold between the views Parallel projection lines 3 are perpendicular to the fold line
Avoid erasing
as new ideas are developed make new sketches start with light lines and then darken with darker lead or heavier strokes
Summary
The six standard views are often thought of as produced from an unfolded glass box. Distances can be transferred or projected from one view to another. Only the views necessary to fully describe the object should be drawn.