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(Benavides, 2012)
De que se trata?
La percepcin de problemas de la salud del hato por parte del productor La naturaleza multifactorial de los problemas de salud en un sistema de produccin Problemas reales, eventos sub clnicos y la necesidad de certeza en el diagnstico para aplicar correctivos adecuados; pero al mismo tiempo el hecho que ...pocas veces un diagnstico puede considerarse como definitivo Problemas de naturaleza carencial. El ganado en pastoreo depende de la calidad de nutrientes existentes en suelo y pasto Las pruebas de laboratorio no deben ser usadas como substituto del diagnstico clnico, conocimiento local y sapiencia del veterinario Hay problemas importantes en la salud del hato que no producen manifestaciones clnicas!
(Benavides, 2012)
% pregnant to a given service1 Services/Conception of all served cows2 Calving to Service Interval (days)3 Days Open (calving to conception)4 % Submission rate of all calved cows5 % NDO (Non-Detected Oestrus)6 % Heat Detection Rate7 % 18-24 day return intervals8 % Needing 3 services % Needing 4 services % Culled as empty/year9
>65.0-60.1 <1.54-1.66 <60.0-65.0 <80.0-82.5 >80.0-70.1 <10.0-14.9 >90.0-85.1 >65.0-62.5 <12.3-15.9 <4.3-6.3 <5.0-7.1
50.1-60.0 1.99-1.67 70.0-65.1 85.0-82.6 60.1-70.0 19.9-15.0 80.1-85.0 60.1-62.4 24.9-16.0 12.4- 6.4 10.1- 7.2
45.0-50.0 2.22-2.00 85.0-70.1 100.0-85.1 45.0-60.0 40.0-20.0 60.0-80.0 50.0-60.0 30.2-25.0 16.6-12.5 13.0-10.0
<45.0 >2.22 >85.0 >100.0 <45.0 >40.0 <60.0 <50.0 >30.2 >16.6 >13.0
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Abortion (d90-253 of pregnancy) Perinatal (stillbirth + early postnatal) calf death Calf mortality >3 wk old
0-2.0 0-5.0
2.1-4.0 5.1-7.0
4.1-7.0 7.1-10.0
>7.0 >10.0
0-1.0
1.1-3.0
3.1-5.0
>5.0
0-7.0
7.1-10.0
10.1-15.0
>15.0
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La situacin colombiana
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Problemas frecuentes
Disorder
*"Normal" (background)
Slight problem
Moderate problem
Severe problem
Ketosis (clinical)
Mastitis (clinical)
<2
<5
2.0-4.9
5.0-7.9
5.0-10.0
8.0-10.0
>10
>10
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El ciclo de Krebs
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La hipocalcemia
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Valores de laboratorio..
Sample
Blood
PII, urea Cu, cytochrome oxidase Ca, P, K, Mg, N, Na, S Co, Cu, I, Mn, Se, Zn
(Benavides, 2012)
Test Alb
Low values can arise in Haemodilution, chronic undernutrition (protein or energy), anaemia, parasitism and chronic disease, especially liver disease Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
High values can arise in Haemoconcentration (water deprivation, excitement, stress, shock)
Non-specific liver damage, soft muscle injury Non-specific liver damage, soft muscle injury Energy deficit, ketosis. Liver disease, muscular dystrophy, muscular exertion
Acute liver damage, biliary tract lesions Any agents (fluke, fatty-liver syndrome, many veterinary products) that stress the liver; general stress. The highest levels recorded in Grange were in cattle with very high weight gains on high-concentrate diets! Infections and haemoconcentration (water deprivation, excitement, stress, shock)
Glob
Haemodilution, undernutrition, anaemia, parasitism and chronic disease, especially liver disease Energy deficit, ketosis Not applicable Not applicable
TP Urea
Rare in ruminants, but can arise in stress. Energy deficit, ketosis, stress Plasma pepsinogen rises when abomasal integrity is breached, especially in ostertagiasis and other forms of nematode parasitism See Alb & Glob Excessive intake of protein (especially NPN) and relative deficiency of energy. It can also arise in kidney failure (usually not a herd problem) (Benavides, 2012)
(Benavides, 2012)
La idea original .
(Benavides, 2012)
Valores estndar para cada parmetro Relacionamiento con los parmetros productivos del animal y del hato
(Benavides, 2012)
Usos potenciales
Monitoreo de la salud metablica de los hatos como herramienta de medicina preventiva Identificar individuos que pudiesen tener un metabolismo superior para enfrentar condiciones sub ptimas Identificar constituyentes sanguneos cuya concentracin pudiese ser un marcador del comportamiento productivo, ms all del medio ambiente El problema del costo bajo nuestros sistemas de produccin
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