Basics of C

Problem Solving Approach

A step-by-step approach is used to solve any problem
The step-by-step approach that is applied to solve a

problem may vary according to the situation The commonly used approaches are
Programs Flow Charts Algorithms

Programs
Instructions grouped together in a sequential manner

is called a program. Program helps perform a task or solve a problem. A program ensures that the task takes place without any obstructions. When the set of instructions are known, the execution of the program takes place smoothly.

Flow Charts
Pictorial representation of the approach to solving a

problem, with use of standard set of symbols, is a Flow Chart. As a picture speaks better than words, drawing a diagram will help the user understand the solution easily. The Flow chart can also help the user to understand the correct flow of actions and steps to follow.

Flow Charts
Flow charts use a standard set of symbols. Rectangles for processing Diamond shapes for decision making The symbols are accepted and understood uniformly

by all the programmers in the world. Connectors are used to link flow charts that are in multiple pages. Any flow chart always has a START and STOP.

Algorithms
Formulation of an approach to solve a problem in

simple and understandable language is called an algorithm. Statements in algorithms clearly explain the action that is to be performed by that step. The steps have to be short and precise. Collection of these steps, helps solve the problem. Two different individuals can write two different algorithms to achieve the same result

Compiling
There are four files associated

when a C program is compiled Source code with .c as the extension. It is the file where the program instructions are written. Header File contains the declaration of functions and the pre-processor commands. It has .h as its extension. Object Files these are the files created by the compiler and have a extension either as .o or .obj. Binary Executables output from the linking process. The extension of these files is .exe. The linker is a program that collects all the related object files and creates an executable file.

Compiling
Source Code
(User written program) Compile the Source Code

Object File created. But not executed Link the object files to create an executable file Executable File for execution

Applications of C
The most popular example of C application is the re -

creation of UNIX operating system. C is used to develop compilers, interpreters, graphic and general utilities. C has been used in the development of various databases, word processors and spread sheets. Power and flexibility has prompted the use of C language in the development of custom made applications like railway ticket vending machines and applications in the banking and insurance sector.