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What is Networking..?
In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.
Internetworking..?
Internetworking is a term used by Cisco and other providers of network products and services as a comprehensive term for all the concepts, technologies, and generic devices that allow people and their computers to communicate across different kinds of networks.
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OSI Model
Devices
HUB
SWITCH
SERVER
ROUTER REPEATER
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TCP/IP
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.
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TCP vs UDP
Reliability: TCP is connection-oriented protocol. When a file or message send it will get delivered unless connections fails. UDP is connectionless protocol. When you a send a data or message, you don't know if it'll get there, it could get lost on the way. Ordered: If you send two messages along a connection, one after the other, you know the first message will get there first. If you send two messages out, you don't know what order they'll arrive in i.e. no ordered. Streaming: Data is read as a "stream," with nothing distinguishing where one packet ends and another begins. There may be multiple packets per read call. 6
Classes Of IP
Subnetting :
Subnetting is essentially the modification of a single IP network to create two or more logically visible sub-sections. It entails changing the subnet mask of the local network number to produce an even number of smaller network numbers, each with a corresponding range of IP addresses.
Function Of Router:
A router is a networking element that controls Internet and LAN traffic, shares the available bandwidth between multiple connected computers, filters packets, acts as a hardware firewall based on its configuration, network gateway, NAT server and wireless Access Point . A wireless router is essentially a bunch of network cards connected internally by an intelligent switch that directs the incoming/outgoing traffic between them.
Modes Of Router :
A.User Mode B.Privilege Mode C.Configuration Mode
Routing:
In internetworking, the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called a router. Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables messages to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. Each intermediary computer performs routing by passing along the message to the next computer. Part of this process involves analyzing a routing table to determine the best path.
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Switching:
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects network segments. The term commonly refers to a multi-port network bridge that processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (Layer 3) and above are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.
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Security :
Security exactly means how can we secure our internal network using router, so that unauthenticated access can be avoided. By this we can apply security on a particular internetworks, sites , ports.
Access List :
Standard Access List Extended Access List Named Access List
An access list is essentially a list of conditions that categorize packets. They can be really helpful when you need to exercise control over a network traffic. There are three types of access list :
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Remote Login
Remote access is the ability to get access to a computer or a network from a remote distance. In corporations, people at branch offices, telecommuters, and people who are travelling may need access to the corporation's network.
Telnet
Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. Through Telnet, an administrator or another user can access someone else's computer remotely.
Remote Desktop
Remote desktop is a program or an operating system feature that allows the user to connect to a computer in another location, see that computer's desktop and interact with it as if it were local.
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Proxy Server
In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server evaluates the request according to its filtering rules.
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Query ?
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