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An Introduction
CONTENTS
What is an Embedded system? Classification of Embedded Systems Application Areas and Examples Characteristics of Embedded Systems Architecture Design and Development of Embedded Systems
DEFINITION
An Embedded System is a microprocessor based system that is embedded as a sub-system, in a larger system (which may or may not be a computer system.). Any device that includes a computer but is not itself a general purpose computer.
CLASSIFICATION
Small Scale Embedded System
APPLICATION AREAS
Automotive electronics
Aircraft electronics Trains Telecommunication
APPLICATION AREAS
Medical systems
Consumer electronics Fabrication equipment Smart buildings.
EXAMPLES
Personal digital assistant (PDA) Printer Cell phone Automobile: engine, brakes, dash, etc. Television Household appliances Surveillance systems
EXAMPLE: AUTOMOBILE
MANUFACTURING COST
Manufacturing cost has different components.
Non-recurring Engineering cost for design and development; Cost of production and marketing each unit;
Best technology choice will depend on the number of units we plan to produce.
REAL-TIME OPERATION
Must finish operations by deadlines.
Hard real time: missing deadline causes failure.
Eg. Atomic Reactor Control
Many systems are multi-rate: must handle operations at widely varying rates.
Safe
Systems to avoid physical or economic damage to person or property
Signal Processing
MP3 players, DVD players
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
Peripherals
Input and output devices Interfacing Sensors & Actuators Interfacing Protocols
Memory
Software
System Software Application
HARDWARE EVOLUTION
Systems-on-chip Application Specific Processors Digital Signal Processors General Purpose Microprocessors & Microcontrollers
FASTER CLOCK RATE / FASTER EXECUTION SPEED HIGHER DEGREE OF INTEGRATION
SOFTWARE
Programs must be logically and temporally correct. Must deal with inherent physical concurrency.
Reactive Systems
Reliability and fault-tolerance are critical issues Application specific and single purpose.
Design Goals
Performance Overall speed, deadlines. Functionality and user interface Manufacturing cost Power consumption Other requirements (physical size etc.)
Non-functional requirements:
Time required to compute output; Size, weight etc. Power consumption Reliability
SPECIFICATIONS
ARCHITECTURE
COMPONENT DESIGN
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Embedded computers are all around us. Many systems have complex embedded hardware and software. Embedded systems pose many design challenges: design time, deadlines, power etc. Design methodologies help us manage the design process.
REFERENCES
www.engstuff.info www.wikipedia.org http://www.vectorindia.org/embedded.html http://www.slideshare.net/murugan_m1/embeddedsystem-basics http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses.php?disciplineId=108
THANK YOU!