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Introduction LEP Construction and working Ink jet printer Active Matrix and passive Matrix Basic principle and technology Light emission Advantages and Disadvantages Applications Future application Conclusion Bibliography.

Light emitting polymer

Introduction
After watching the breakfast news on TV, you roll up the set like a large handkerchief, and stuff it into your briefcase. Somewhere in the Kargil sector, a platoon commander of the Indian Army readies for the regular satellite updates that will give him the latest terrain pictures of the border in his sector. All these are possible using

Light emitting polymer

Light Emitting Polymers

Poly p-

phenylenevinylene LEP can be used in Laptop screens, cell phones, TV screens, calculators, digital cameras, and in a future almost everything.

Light emitting polymer

LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Schematic of a 2-layer LEP: 1. Cathode (), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+)

Light emitting polymer

A voltage is applied across the LEP such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. This causes a current of electrons to flow through the device from cathode to anode. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards each other and they recombine liberating light. In organic semiconductors holes are more mobile than electrons. The recombination causes a drop in the energy levels of electrons, accompanied by an emission of radiation.
Light emitting polymer

CONSTRUCTION
Anode-Indium Tin Oxide

Cathode- Aluminum
Polymer- poly

phenylene vinylene

Light emitting polymer

Light-emitting devices consist of emitting layers sandwiched between a cathode and an anode. Single-layer devices typically work only under a forward DC bias. In order to manufacture the polymer, a SPINCOATING MACHINE is used. The robot pours the plastic over the rotating plate, which, evenly spreads the polymer on the plate. This results in an extremely fine layer of the thickness of 100 nanometers. Once the polymer is evenly spread, it is baked in an oven to evaporate any remnant liquid
Light emitting polymer

INK JET PRINTING

Light emitting polymer

Use of inkjet printing for PLED displays This technique is now at the forefront of developments in digital electronic materials deposition. Red, green and blue polymer solutions are jetted into well defined areas with an angle of flight deviation of less than 5. The film thickness uniformity may have to be better than 2 per cent..
Light emitting polymer

Active matrix
Active Matrix LEP displays are much more complex. Because they have a cathode layer that is an integrated back plane they are able to produce very high resolution images and handle large amounts of data at one time.

This display quality is made possible by polysilicone thin-film-transistors which have very high current carrying capability and switching speed.
Because of these TFTs, active matrix displays have the ability to control each individual pixel independently.

Light emitting polymer

Passive matrix
Passive Matrix LEP displays are the simplest form of LEP. These displays are useful in providing limited information for devices such as cell phones, wristwatches, and other simple display applications. The construction of these OLEDs is based on a set rib pattern of the cathode materials and organic layers. Drivers at the end of each row or column control where the voltage is supplied, and subsequently which ribs produce the image.

Light emitting polymer

BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TECHNOLOGY

Light emitting polymer

The properties of the spherical s orbital and bimodal p orbitals combine into four equal , unsymmetrical , tetrahedral oriented hybridized sp3 orbitals. This is known as a sigma bond A conjugated pi bond refers to a carbon chain or ring whose bonds alternate between single and double (or triple) bonds. The bonding system tends to form stronger bonds than might be first indicated by a structure with single bonds Unlike the sigma bond electrons, which are trapped between the carbons, the pi bond electrons have relative mobility.
Light emitting polymer

LIGHT EMISSION
Electroluminescence :
The energy is released when an electron from the

conduction band falls into a hole in the valence band. The electronic device that accomplishes this electronhole interaction is that of a diode, which consists of an n-type material (electron rich) interfaced with p-type material (hole rich). The mobility of electrons and holes are limited to the linear or branched directions of the molecule. The efficiency of electron/hole transport between polymer molecules is also unique to polymers.
Light emitting polymer

Figure demonstration of the full conjugation of

The delocalized electron clouds are colored yellow. PPV is a semiconductor. Semiconductors are so called

because they have conductivity that is midway between that of a conductor and an insulator. Semi-conductors require modest amounts of energy in order to carry a current, and are used in technologies such as transistors, microchips and LEDs. Light emitting polymer

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
Require only 3.3 volts and have lifetime of more than

30,000 hours. Low power consumption. Self luminous. No viewing angle dependence
OLED TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 for example is

just 3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mm thick! OLEDs have a much better viewing angle - almost 180 degrees.
Light emitting polymer

 DISADVANTAGES

Because they are made out of organic compounds, some

have a tendency to die out before others. Reds and blues die first, leaving a very green display. Red and green typically last between 10,000 and 40,000 hours, while blue compounds begin to die at around 1,000 hours. Additionally, the brightness to which your display is set has a tremendous effect on longevity.
Light emitting polymer

APPLICATIONS
PHOTOVOLTAICS

PLED technology can be used in reverse, to convert light into electricity. Devices which convert light into electricity are called photovoltaic (PV) devices, and are at the heart of solar cells and light detectors.

Light emitting polymer

POLY LED TV
LEPs TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 for

example is just 3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mm thick!

Light emitting polymer

TRANSPARENT OLEDS
While there seem to be zero to few readily

available uses of transparent OLEDs (TOLEDs) in the consumer market today, the technology exists for wide spread use in the future.

Light emitting polymer

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

Light emitting polymer

NEWS AND INFORMATION

Imagine a day when you are

reading a newspaper that is capable of showing pictures and video, is continuously updating itself with the latest news via Wi-Fi connection, and is also so thin and flexible that you can roll it up and put it in your backpack or briefcase. That day may someday be a reality thanks to OLED technology
Light emitting polymer

ADVANCEMENTS IN THE HOME

One of the many possibilities

is to replace regular walls or windows with similar sized OLED installations which will lead to user-definable window spaces". These walls will use transparent OLEDs that will make it possible to have certain areas opaque while other areas clear, depending on what the homeowner would like. Additionally, the wall can be any color or design that you want.

Light emitting polymer

Conclusion
Organic electronics are already entering commercial world. Multicolor automobile stereo displays are now available from Pioneer Corp., of Tokyo. Royal Philips Electronics, Amsterdam is gearing up to produce PLED backlights to be used in LCDs and organic ICs. The first products using organic displays are already in the market. And while it is always difficult to predict when and what future products will be introduced The portable and light weight organic displays will soon cover our walls replacing the bulky and power hungry cathode ray tubes.

Light emitting polymer

3-Mar-12

Bibliography.
www. cdtltd.co.uk www. research.philips.com www. covion.com www.ieee.com
D.Rwdinger, R.Farshchi and V.Subramanian. Inkjet passive component and plastic substrate. 2003 IEEE Device Research conference digest pp.187-188, 2003 Josephine B.Lee and Vivek Subramanian. Ink Jet Passive devices 2003 IEEE Device Research conference digest, 2003
Light emitting polymer

Light emitting polymer

3-Mar-12