Structure 2

Pertemuan 1 : 4 Maret 2012 Ai Melani

ai2345@yahoo.com

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan

Perkenalan Tutor
Mahasiswa Ph.D Korea Advanced

Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Status Single/asli sukabumi Jawa Barat Hobby Travelling dan Photography Riset tentang Nuclear Safety Info lebih lengkap
http://aimeelani.wordpress.com http://kaist.wordpress.com http://sarangheee.wordpress.com add me on Facebook: Ai Melani add me on twitter: @aimelani add me on Google+: ai melani

Perkenalan Matakuliah (1)

Buku Pegangan : Universitas Terbuka 2011.

Buku ini terdiri dari 12 modul, namun akan

dibahas dalam 8 kali pertemuan 2 kali pertemuan untuk latihan ujian

Pertemuan 1 : Sentences dan Clauses Pertemuan 2 : Conjunctions Pertemuan 3 : Questions Pertemuan 4 : Passive Sentences

Perkenalan Matakuliah (2)

Pertemuan 5 : Infinitives dan Gerunds Pertemuan 6 : Comparisons Pertemuan 7 : Noun Clauses and Reported Speech Pertemuan 8 : Adverbial Clauses

Metode Pembelajaran : Tutorial Online dan

Tatap Muka

Perkenalan Matakuliah (3)

Komponen Penilaian Tugas 1, Tugas 2 dan Tugas 3 Partisipasi (keaktifan) Ujian Akhir Materi Kuliah : http://kaist.wordpress.com atau

mediafire UT KOREA atau website UT Korea http://utkorea.perpika.org/index.php?option=com _content&view=article&id=70:pengantarstatistika-sosial-ai-melani&catid=13:perkuliahanbahasa-inggris&Itemid=36

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1

Clauses

Introductions
Clauses (klausa): kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang mempunyai subjek dan predikat
A clause is a group of re lated words containing a subject and a verb.
Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences

Clauses
Main clauses Independent Induk kalimat Clauses

Dependent Clauses

Subordinate clauses Anak kalimat

Independent Clauses
Independent: A clause that can stand by

itself and still make sense. An independent clause could be its own sentence, but is often part of a larger structure, combined with other independent clauses and with dependent clauses. Independent clauses are sometimes called essential or restrictive clauses

Independent Clauses
Kelompok kata yang saling

berhubungan yang mempunyai subjek dan predikat dan dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat lengkap dan utuh simple sentences

Example of Independent Sentences

Rudy is my son

I know that boy

Martha is very happy English is international language I have been to Alaska Ai is from Sukabumi We went to supermarket yesterday

And here are some other examples of independent clauses . . . . 1. Independent clauses: Glaciers often leave behind holes in the ground.

These holes are called kettles,

and they look just like

scooped-out pots.
Glaciers

also leave behind enormous deposits of glacial g arbage; these deposits are called morains.

Kettle holes result when a large block of ice is left behind t he glacier and then melts away, leaving a large depression.
This last sentence deserves further attention . . . .

Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences

Notice that this sentence consists of a very brief independent clause followed by a long and complex dependent clause.

Kettle holes result when a large block of ice is left behind the glacier and then melts away, leaving a large depression. The dependent clause begins with what is called a subordinating conjunction. T his causes the clause to be dependent upon the rest of the sentence for its meani ng; it cannot stand by itself.

More on dependent clauses in a moment. . . .

dependent Clauses
Dependent: A clause that cannot stand by itself.

It depends on something else, an independent clause, for its meaning. A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a sentence fragment. Dependent clauses are sometimes called subordinate, nonessential, or nonrestrictive clauses. We will review the different kinds of dependent clauses.

dependent Clauses
Disebut juga subordinate clauses/ Anak

kalimat mempunyai subjek dan predikat tetapi tidak bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap karena tidak mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap. Memerlukan independent clauses agar dapat memberikan informasi yang lengkap dan utuh.

dependent Clauses
Disebut juga subordinate clauses/ Anak

kalimat karena menggunakan subordinate conjunctions, seperti: That, if, when, until,after,although,because,since,whereas and before. Adjective clause menggunakan relative pronouns seperti that,which,who,whom and those.

Example of dependent clauses

That he is a banker.

Whether you go by bus or by train.

If you go with us. Who is sitting alone. Whose hair is long. Because he did not have any money. After you arrive in Bali. Whereas anita is diligent. Why he cried. Wherever you go.

Type of dependent clauses

Noun clauses Adjective Clauses

Dependent clauses yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda

Dependent clauses yang berfungsi sebagai adjektif (sifat) or menerangkan kata benda

Adverbial Clauses

Dependent clauses yang berfungsi sebagai adverb

Noun clauses
Noun clauses bisa digunakan sebagai

subjek, sebagai objek kata kerja atau preposisi dan sebagai pelengkap. Noun clauses dapat menempati posisi kata benda dalam independent clause.kata benda it. Subordinate conjunctionthat,whether if, what, dsb.

Examples Noun clauses as subject/subjek

How he gets the money is his own affair

What they did does not concern me.

That he is a liar is obvious Where they work is not important to me. Why you asked me that question

matters to me. -------IS his own affair ------are..

Examples Noun clauses sebagai objek kata kerja

He suggested that I continue my studies

at the famous university. She wanted to know whether I had some money. I dont know where he lives. The teacher asked me what my name was. He/she/I asked/suggested/wanted/.

Examples Noun clauses sebagai complement/pelengkap

My question is why you did not come

last night. The main problem is they dont have a car. The most important point is how to increase the company product. My concern is how to pay the workers. THE MOST IMPORTANT IS

Dependent clause as Noun Clause

Independent clause Is his own affair He suggested She wanted to know I dont know Noun Clause How he gets the money That I continue my studies at the famous university Whether I had some money Where he lives

Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses yang berfungsi sebagai

kata sifat atau menerangkan kata benda. Biasanya menggunakan relative pronouns misalnya which, who,whom, whose dll. Adjective clause bisa menempati posisi tengah atau posisi akhir kalimat.

Examples of adjective clause

The boy who/that gave me the book is Mr.Anwar Son.

The girl whose hair is braded is my daughter.

Anita, who lives next to my house, is very rich. He gave the money to the man who had done the

work. Here is the book which/that describes animals. I like the novel that he wrote. .IS MY SON THE BOY.IS MY SON SP+ADJ CLAUSES

Dependent clause as of adjective clauses

Independent clause He gave the money to the man The boy is Mr. Anwar Son Here is the book adjective Clause Who had done the work Who/that gave me the book Which/that describes animals Whose hair is braded.

The girl is my daughter

Adverbial clause
Berfungsi sebagai adverbmenjelaskan kata

kerja, frasa kata kerja, kata sifat, kata keterangan atau menjelaskan seluruh kalimat. Subordinate conjunctions (kata penghubung subordinasi), misalnya when, after, while,before,as soon as, as long as, whenever, every time, dan if akan dibahas detail di modul 10-12.

Examples of adverbial clause

You may begin when you are ready.

Before you go to bed, you have to lock the doors.

You may play after you have finished doing your

homework.

Dependent clause as of adverbial clauses

Independent clause adverbial Clause You may begin When you are ready You have to lock the doors Before you go to bed

KEGIATAN BELAJAR 2 Sentences

Sentences
Frank (1972) kalimat /sentences adalah:

makna: suatu pemikiran yang utuh fungsi: terdiri dari subjek dan predikat

Clause Vs Sentence
Clause: kelompok kata yang mempunyai subjek,

predikat yang bisa mengekspresikan suatu informasi yang utuh dan bisa juga tidak. informasi yang utuh: independent clause, tidak mengekspresikan informasi yang utuh: dependent clause. Sentences: kelompok kata yang mempunyai subjek, predikat dan mengekspresikan suatu informasi yang utuh.

Classifications of sentences
Classifications by types:

Declarative sentences (statement) Interrogative sentences (questions) Imperative sentences (commands and request) Exclamatory sentences (exclamations)

Classifications of sentences
Classifications by number of full

predications:
Simple sentences Compound sentences Complex sentences Compound-complex sentences

Declarative sentences (statement)

Digunakan untuk memberi informasi atau

pendapat. Mempunyai subject dan predikat yang normal urutanya: S+P+0(pelengkap) Diakhiri tanda titik. Misal: Carol is happy. I have just bought my books.

Interrogative sentences (questions)

Kalimat tanya digunakan untuk

menanyakan suatu informasi. Pada kalimat tanya letak subjek dan kata bantu terjadi pembalikan. Dalam statement subject terletak di awal kalimat, tapi disini kata kerja bantu mengawali kalimat Intonasiyes/no answer, intonasi naik. Question word intonasi turun.

Interrogative sentences (questions)

Yes-no question: Did the child eat his dinner? Is it your book? Are you maya? Question-word question What is your name? Where did you buy this? How to go there?

Imperative sentences (commands and request)

Kalimat perintah atau kalimat permintaan digunakan

untuk memberi informasi apa yang harus dilakukan oleh lawan bicara. Beda command dan request adalah pada cara penyampaian. Request lebih sopan, menggunakan kata please.diakhiri tanda seru! Example: Stop the bus, please! Eat your dinner! Or shorter : go!, stop! Help!

Exclamatory sentences (exclamations)

Kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan emosi

misalnya heran, gembira, atau emosi lainnya. Dimulai dengan frasa exclamatory yang terdiri dari What, atau how dan bagian dari predikatnya. Diikuti dengan subjek dan predikatnya. Diakhiri dengan tanda seru ! Example: What a good dinner that was! What a pretty dress you have! How beautiful she is! How far his house is!

Simple sentences
Kalimat sederhana hanya terdiri dari satu klausa saja,

yaitu main independent clause, dan hanya punya satu subject dan satu predikat saja. Examples: Tedi Bought a house. Ratih is happy. Ratih and rita swim every day. The boys and the girls are friendly.

Compound sentences
Kalimat majemuk merupakan gabungan dari dua kalimat

sederhana atau dua klausa utama atau lebih. Example: The rain fell, and the wind blew. Rani attended the concert, and Rini went to the dance.

Complex sentences
Terdiri dari satu main independent clause dan

satu atau lebih dependent (subordinate) clause, Example: You should lock the doors before you leave the house. Although john is a good athlete, he does not spend too much time in sports. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE+DEPENDENT CLAUSE=COMPLEX SENTENCES!!

Compound-complex sentences
Terdiri dari dua atau lebih main clause (klausa

utama) dan satu atau lebih dependent clause (anak kalimat) Example: Although the farmers always work long hours, they seem to enjoy their work, and they usually have a long time rest during the dry season.