SCADA

What is SCADA?
Where we use SDADA? What is DCS? Where it is used?

SCADA CONCEPTS
Input/output signal hardware, controllers, HMI, networks,
communication, and software.

Site control is actually performed automatically by a remote

terminal unit (RTU) or by a programmable logic controller (PLC).

HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE

Presents process data to a human operator Through which the human operator controls the process

HARDWARE SOLUTIONS
Distributed Control System (DCS) components IEC 61131-3, is frequently used to create programs which run on these RTUs and PLCs.
Allows SCADA system engineers to perform both the design and implementation of a program to be executed on a RTU or PLC.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Multiple Remote Terminal Units (also known as RTUs or Outstations).
To physical equipment, and reads status data such as the open/closed status from a switch or a valve, reads measurements such as pressure, flow, voltage or current. Has alarms ---Can be activated based on the requirements.

Master Station and HMI Computer(s).

Servers and software responsible for communicating with the field equipment (rtus, plcs, etc) Master station may be SINGLE or MULTIPLE SERVERS SCADA prsents a information as a MIMIC diagram Mean Time Between Failures Is Very Low

Communication infrastructure

Used Radio And Direct Serial Or Modem Connections To Meet Communication Requirements Ethernet and IP over SONET--- railways and power stations COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS-----Modbus, RP-570 IEC 60870-5-101 or 104, Profibus and DNP3

FUNCTIONING OF SCADA SYSTEMS

Channel scanning
Polling Interrupt Scanning

Conversion into engineeringunits Data processing

AUTO RECLOSER
Circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can
automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due to a fault. Used in power distribution circuits . Protects fromlightning strikes, wind-borne debris, squirrels climbing insulators . Made in single-phase and three-phase versions, and use either oil or vacuum interrupters.

Rating40 amperes at 2400 volts up to 1200 amperes

at 35000 volts.

AUTO RECLOSER

ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

Information Flows within Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA)
Distributed Intelligence

DER

OMS

WMS

AMR

DSM

AM/FM/GIS/CIS MFR VVWC TM LM

SCADA-ADA-SCADA INTERFACES

SCADA/EMS

DOMA
FM
Distribution Operations Model Analysis

Dispatch Routine

DOAN CA

DSPF

FLIR
Operations Engineers Analysis and Control Applications

Dispatcher

Planning Engineers

TM - Topology Model; LM - Load Model; FM - Facility Models; DSPF Distribution System Power Flow; MFR Multi-Level Feeder Reconfiguration; VVWC Volt/Var/Watt Control; DOAN Distribution Operations Analysis; CA Contingency Analysis; FLIR Fault Location, Fault Isolation, and Service Restoration;

ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

AIM To enhance the reliability of power system service, power quality, and power system efficiency
SCOPE Data gathering Integrity checking Periodic and event-driven system modeling and analysis Current And Predictive Alarming Contingency Analysis

SCOPE OF ADA
Coordinated Volt/Var Optimization Fault Location, Isolation, And Service Restoration Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration; Pre-arming Of Ras And Coordination Of Emergency

Actions In Distribution Pre-arming Of Restoration Schemes And Coordination Of Restorative Actions In Distribution, and Logging and reporting

LOAD MONITORING SYSTEM using SCADA & PLC

ADVANTAGES

Easy identification of area of fault occurrence Effective monitoring of utilization of load Distance between MASTER STATION &RTU can be very
long Accurate decision making is possible Mimic diagram representation is possible High reliability (less mean time between failures)

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM DCS

Control system for Manufacturing System or Process Uses computers (usually custom designed processers) as
controllers Has Computer Buses Or Electrical Buses & Multiplexers/Demultiplexers

DCS Manufactures ABB, PHILIPS, PROCONTROL, HONEYWELL, SIEMENS, TOSHIBA, ECHELON, BECKMAN, FISHERCONTROLS, FERRANTI, KENT TELEFUNKEN etc.,

Heirarchy of DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS

Management info system

SUPERVISORY CONTROL

Direct Digital Control

Special Digital

PROCESS

DCS AS A LOOP CONTROLLER

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON FIELD POINT STANDARD

CONCLUSION
Can be used in need of networking of different
systems

DCS may not require the operator intervention in the

normal operation, but IT MAY HAPPEN WHEN MERGING SCADA &DCS. DCS