ANALYSIS OF FLANGED SECTION Singly & doubly reinforced

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: 1.Understand the definition of flanged beam. 2.Determine the effective width of the flange. 3.Understand the differences between various types of flanged beam.

Introduction
Flanged beams when reinforced concrete slabs are cast integrally with the supporting beams The slabs may contribute to the compressive strength of the beams during flexure. There are two types of flanged beam: a) T-beam b) L-beam

Introduction
T-beam L-beam Slab

Be am

sp an

Effective width of flanges

(Cl 5.3.2.1, EC2)

Pg 57

Effective flange width, beff or bf

l0 ca l l ti n cu a o
Simply supported beam

Cl 5.3.2.1

BMD + l0 = L

Continuous beam

Continuous beam
EC2)
BM D + +

(Fig 5.2,
-

l0= 0 . 85 L 1

l02 = 0 . 7 L2 l0 = 0 . 15 ( L 1 +L 2 )

l0 = 0 . 15L 2 + L3

L1

L2

L3

LOCATION OF THE NEUTRAL AXIS

Stress block analysis of flanged beam

There are 3 cases that has to be considered in the analysis of flanged section. i) Neutral axis in flange (M Mf) or s h f
bf
hf d s = 0.8x 0.567 fck Fcc = 0.567 fck bf s z = d 0.4x

bw

Fst = 0.87 fyk As

* Section can be designed as a rectangular section because the nonrectangular section below the neutral axis is in tension and it is therefore considered as inactive.

Moment of resistance; M = Fcc . Z

= 0.567 fck bf (0.8x) (d-0.4x)

At ultimate moment of resistance, s = 0.8x is assumed to be similar to hf ( 0.8x = hf ) Mf = (0.567 fck bf hf)(d- hf /2) Mf = ultimate moment of resistance of flange Neutral axis lies in Neutral axis lies below

NOTE: If M Mf flange If M > Mf

Example 2.5
bf = 900
h f= 100 d =3 2 0

Design data: Design moment, M = 165 kNm fck = 30 N/mm2 fyk = 500 N/mm2 Design the main reinforcement for this beam.

bw=

250

Solution: 1. Calculate Mf & compare with M (to determine the location of the neutral axis) Mf = 0.567fck bf hf(d-0.5hf) = 0.567 (30) (1450) (100) (320 0.5(100)) = 413 kNm > M = 165 kNm neutral axis lies in flange
Design as a rectangular section (900 x 320)

K = M/bd2fck

= (165 x 106) / (900 x 3202 x 30) = 0.06 < 0.167 (singly reinforced section) z = d { 0.5 + 0.25 K/1.134 } = 0.94d As req = M / 0.87fyk z = 165 x 106 / 0.87 x 500 x 0.94 x 320 = 1261 mm2 provide = 3H25 (1470 mm2)

3H 2 5

ii) Neutral axis below flange (M > Mf) s > h f singly reinforced be
hf 0.567 fck
2 1 2

0.8 x d z2

Fcc Fcc z1

2 1

z1= d - 0.4x z2= d - hf/2

A safe design for a flanged section with setting the depth of the neutral axis to allowed in the code. Depth of stress block , s Internal forces, Fcc1 = 0.567 fck bw s = 0.567 fck bw Fcc2 = ( 0 . 567f ck )(b f- b w )(h f )

bw

Fst = 0.87 fyk As

s > hfcan be achieved by x = 0.45d (the maximum depth = 0 . 8x = 0 . 36d x 0.36d = 0 . 2 f ck b w d

Moment of resistant about Fcc2 M = Fst (d hf/2) Fcc1 (s/2 hf/2) = 0.87 fyk As (d hf/2) 0.2 fck bwd (0.36d hf) / 2

Neutral axis below flange

Ultimate moment of resistant for a section (x = 0.45d) Muf = 0.167fck bw d2 + 0.567 fck (bf bw) (d-hf/2)

If M Muf compression reinforcement is not required (singly reinf. flanged section)

If M > Muf compression reinforcement

Therefore, the area of tension reinforcement can be calculated using the equation as follows:

Asreq = M + 0.1 fck bw d (0.36d hf) 0.87fy (d-hf/2)

Example 2.6
bf = 900
hf= 100 d=320

Design data: Design moment, M = 450 kNm fck = 30 N/mm2 fyk = 500 N/mm2 Design the main reinforcement for this beam.

bw=

250

1.Determine the location of the neutral axis M = 413 kNm < M = 450 kNm f Neutral axis is below flange Design as a flanged beam

2. Calculate Muf & compare with M (to determine whether it is singly/doubly reinforced) M = 0.167fck bw d2 + 0.567 fck (bf bw) uf (d-hf/2)

= 0.167 (30) (250) (320)2+ 0.567 (30) (900-250) (320 50) = 465 kNm > M = 450 kNm singly reinforced flanged section 3. Calculate As req Asreq = M + 0.1 fck bw d (0.36d hf) = 3862 mm2 0.87fyk (d-hf/2)

i ) N e u tra l a xi b e l w fl n g e ( M > M f) doubly i s o a reinforcede b

hf 0.567 fck
2

As
1

0.4 x d z2 Fst = 0.87 fyk As

z1

Fsc Fcc Fcc

2 1

z1= d - 0.4x z2= d - hf/2 z3= d d

As

bw

Area of compression reinforcement: As = (M-Muf )

0.87 fyk (d-d)

Area of tension reinforcement:

As = [0.2 fck bw d + 0.567 fck hf (bf -bw) ] 0.87 fyk

+ As

Moment of resistance in flange

Determination of neutral axis location

Maximum moment of resistance in fla

0.167