.

( ) rational nutrition -

: ,

, prophylactic nutrition ( , )

clinical nutrition, dietotherapy

wellwell-being

education

rational nutrition

Choice of food substances

: nutrients nutrients
( , , ), ,

amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, monosaccharides, acids, vitamins, acids, vitamins, mineral substances

Hormones and physiologically active substances substances

(endogenous) :. , . . . (exogenous) :, : , . ,

Bacterial metabolites: metabolites

, ( , Cl. Cl. erfringens ( ( ) ( ( , ), , .) , ) , , , ,

Xenobiotics
, ( )

. Any biote displaced from its normal habitat; a chemical foreign to a biological system

(impenetrability)
( ) ,

activity) activity)

(enzymatic ,

Immune system:- lymphocytes, system: lymphocytes

lymphoid tissue (Peyer's plaques) IgA, plaques) IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgG, IgM, , lamina propria Mucus barrier, barrier, Detoxication -450 cytochrome

30
60% 30% 10% 40-50% 10% 40-50%

( ( )

Rational nutrition
( . rationalis) ationalis) , ( )

Postulates of rational nutrition

, : ( ( , ( ,
,

10-15% 10)

) )

Postulates of rational nutrition

 200 7

, . 450-500 1 1 30 20

pastry 100 boiled sausage ice-cream 1 Pepsi-cola 150-170 450 200

Postulates of rational nutrition

, , .

. Protein. Protein. 1 =4
12% . - 50%.

. Fat 1 =9 30% . - 50%, 30%, : 60% - 10%, - 30%, - 20% .

. Carbohydrates
1 =4 55% : 20%, 2% - 75%, -3%, .

. , , 25 1000 . , 90 1000 .

Ca, P Mg
Ca : P 1 : 1,5 1 : 0,5 Ca : Mg

1 : 1,2 (> 60 ) 1 : 1,5, 1 : 0,4,

1 : 0,4

: : - 1100 - 1650 : 1 3 3 1 , - 1100 g - 450

1 : 0,75 1:1 1 : 1,5

Postulates of rational nutrition

. ., 1973).

( )

disease
, .

Postulates of rational nutrition

dietary habits

33: breakfast - 30%, dinner 30%, 45%, supper - 25% 44: breakfast - 25%, tiffin - 15%, dinner - 35%, supper - 25%

Postulates of rational nutrition

Safety of foodstuffs
, (pollutants physics, chemicals, biological) biological) (oxidation, fermentation, mould, rancidification)

Facility of nutrition nutrition inadequacy

, ,

morbidity

habitual

optimal

deficient

superfluous

   -

     

; ; ( ; ; , , , , ; ) , ; -

XXI
-

the natural foodstuffs

-

( ) functional foodstuffs
-

Genetically modified foodstuffs

FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Early development and growth. Regulation of basic metabolic processes. Defence against oxidative stress. Cardiovascular physiology. Gastrointestinal physiology. Cognitive and mental performance, including mood and alertness. Physical performance and fitness.

FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Obesity - energy; Blood cholesterol - SFAs and certain gelgelforming types of fibre; Blood pressure - sodium chloride; Atherosclerosis - factors affecting blood cholesterol and/or blood pressure and n-3 fatty nacids in fish and fish products; Constipation - dietary fibre; Osteoporosis - calcium, dental caries-absence cariesof easily fermented carbohydrates; Iron deficiency - iron content.

nutrients (essential nutrients)

( , ), ( -3 ( , , , , , . , , ), ), :

:
; ; , ; ;
.

(
, bioflavonoids , caffeine

):
, organic acids

, biogenetic amines

oligopeptides oligopeptides, oligosaccharides oligosaccharides;

, , : Lactoba Lactobacillus Bacillus, Bacillus, , , , Echerechia coli, coli, . .

: , , ,

, ,

, , ,

, , .

 , , , , ( , S) . ,

,
-