Air pollution control technologies

Presented By, Dhanyashree.B.C. 1DS08CHO11

INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

Air Pollution Measurements Immission measurements (Ambient Air Monitoring) Concentration of the pollutants in the air the public breaths. Emission Measurements (Stack Gas Monitoring) concentrations and/or emission rates from air pollution sources. Pollution control equipments can reduce emissions by cleaning exhaust & polluted air.

TECHNOLOGIES IN USE
CONVENTIONAL NEW
ZINC & CADMIUM LAMPS, BIO-FILTRATION.

BAG HOUSES, SCRUBBERS,

CYCLONES.

VAPOUR CONDENSERS, FLARES.

NON POWER DRIVEN EXTRACTOR

BAG HOUSES
FABRIC FILTERS are commonly called baghouses. Filters are made of woven cotton, wool or synthetic materials.

They remove particulate matter found in smoke, vapors, dust or mists.

Collected particulates form a "dust cake" on the filter that is routinely cleaned off by a blast of air in the opposite direction. The dust cake falls into a hopper for disposal or reuse in the industrial process.

Bag house Benefits:

Effectively removes large percentages of particulate matter.

Bag house disadvantages:

Bag wear or failure, holes in the house can reduce the overall efficiency. Collected dry materials must be carefully handled to prevent release into the air.

CYCLONES
A cyclone is a device used to remove larger size particles. More than 80 percent of particles are removed. Often found at feed mills, crushers, dryers, grain elevators.

In industrial uses, they are used as precleaners for more expensive and sophisticated control equipment such as bag-houses.

 Cyclone benefits:
Few moving parts. very low capital & operating cost. materials can withstand acids , high heat & pressure.

Potential concerns:
Sticky materials can clog cyclones. Hard or sharp edged particles can wear them out. Fails to control ultra-fine particles.

FLARES
Combustion can also be used to control emissions of hydrocarbons and other organic vapors such as chlorine, fluorine and particulate matter (soot). If a process emits volatile organic compounds such as ink fumes from a large commercial printing operation, the fumes can be destroyed or burned.

Flares dispose of intermittent or emergency releases of combustible gases from industrial sources. They are often found in refineries or chemical plants. In a flare, combustible gases are burned in a flame. They are designed to do so with minimal smoke (smoke is made up of dense amounts of soot particulates.)

Zinc & Cadmium Lamps

Designed primarily for use with the UV absorption cells and detectors & are frequently used in air pollution monitoring devices. MAIN FEATURE:

Zinc lamps can also substitute for deuterium lamps in some applications due to the zinc lamps' superior thermal stability & long life.

BIO-FILTRATION
It is a method of pollution control. Process pollutants are biologically degraded using microorganisms. Bio-filters use living materials to degrade pollutants when immobilized in the bio-film.

Applications: Treatment of the off-gas from wastewater treatment plants & during the manufacture of food products. One of the disadvantages of biofilters is, the requirement of a large amount of physical space.

Non Power Driven Extractor

As the air is heated or is warm it becomes lighter and tends to move upward. If it is made to escape form a single or multiple Narrow openings from top, the hot air will escape at a faster pace. This draft is made use by the TURBOVENT to self-drive the turbine causing the exhaust gases to be expelled at a faster rate.

ADVANTAGES:
Light in weight, noiseless & environment friendly. It is fully protected against corrosion. It has trouble free long working life with practically no maintenance.

Emerging Technologies

WTE facility's air pollution control devices, including scrubbers, (which neutralize acid gases and control mercury), baghouses, (which remove particulate matter) and the continuous emission monitoring system

Air sampling devices 10 to 12 feet off the ground on streetlight, signal and utility poles. The devices are 2 ft by 1 ft boxes with tubes sticking out and a sticker identifying them

The mobile phone transmits the information to an environment information server via a mobile communication network.

Air pollution detecting devices are selectively installed in vehicles, motorbikes, bicycles, or users portable paraphernalia, such as a helmet worn by a motorbike rider. Air Pollution Information of various geographic locations over a vast area is obtainable.

Air pollution monitoring station at Capetown.

Conclusion
Technological advancements have helped in maintaining a safer environment. The Role of Engineers is to constantly monitor & develop new techniques to prevent air pollution. A number of studies & experimentation have revealed that the risk of cancer & other serious health effects is caused by inhaling polluted air. Thus, modernization in air pollution control technology will be a boon to the entire world.

REFERENCES
Wikipedia Web links:
www.save-the-environment.net www.iowandr.gov www.indiamart.com web1.capetown.gov.za airpollutioncontrol.blogspot.in www.rpi.edu www.2zeta.it