By: Mary Angelie M.

Atienza
Infection Control Nurse Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital

OBJECTIVES

To

prevent and control the spread of infectious agents in healthcare facilities/ hospitals among patients and health care workers in all settings where health care is delivered.
Objectives

To

implement isolation precautions in health care facilities/ hospitals

Objectives

To

implement a system warning of health care workers about the infection status of patients.

Objectives

POLICIES

Infection

Control Isolation precaution shall be implemented in all health care facilities and hospitals by all health care workers.
Policies

 A standardized

but confidential coding system to warn health care workers about the infection status of patients and the appropriate precautions to be observed shall be implemented in health care facilities/ hospitals
Policies

Before

implementation of isolation precaution policies all health care workers shall undergo adequate orientation and training.

Policies

GUIDELINES ON ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS IN PREVENTING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION

 Assume

that every person is potentially infected or colonized with an organism that could be transmitted in the health care setting and apply the infection control practices during the delivery of health care.

Standard Precautions

HAND HYGIENE- Wash hands after touching blood, body fluids, secretions, contaminated items, immediately after removing gloves between patient contact.
Hand Hygiene

RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH ETIQUETTEEducate health care personnel on the importance of source infection measures to contain respiratory secretions to prevent droplet and fomite transmission of respiratory pathogens especially during seasonal outbreaks of viral respiratory tract infection.

Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette

 GLOVES-

The wearing of gloves is advised for touching blood, body fluids, secretions, contaminated items and for touching mucous membranes and non intact skin
Use of Personal Protective Equipment

 MASK,

EYE PROTECTION AND FACE SHIELD- Wear a mask and eye protection or a face shield during procedures and patient care activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions especially suctioning and endotracheal intubation.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment

 Gown-

Wearing of gowns is advised during procedures and patient care activities when contact of clothing/ exposed skin with blood/ body fluids, secretions and excretions are anticipated
Use of Personal Protective Equipment

 Handle

used patient care equipment soiled with blood and other secretions from the client in a manner that prevents transfer of microorganisms to others and to the environment, wear gloves if visibly contaminated, perform hand hygiene.
Patient Care Equipment

 Ensure

that the hospital has adequate procedures for the routine care, cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces especially the frequently touched patient care areas.
Environmental Control

UNIVERSAL HANDWASHING PRACTICE

Indications for Hand Hygiene

Wash hands with soap and water when visibly dirty, when soiled with blood or body fluids, and after using the toilet.

Hand

washing with soap and water is preferred when exposed to spore forming pathogens.

Wash

hands with soap and water if alcohol based hand rub is not available.

There

is no need to use soap then alcohol based hand rub together. Preferably use alcohol based hand rub for routine hand antisepsis.

Hand

hygiene should be observed in all clinical areas. Hand hygiene is needed before handling medication or preparing food.

Before

and after direct contact with patient.

After

removing gloves.

 Before

handling an invasive device for patient care regardless of whether or not gloves are used.

 After

contact with body fluids or excretions, mucus membrane, non-intact skin, or wound dressings.

 If

moving from a contaminated body site to clean body site during patient care.

 After

contact with inanimate object in the immediate vicinity of the patient.

Importance of hand hygiene

The skin on your hands is your rst defense against
infection from pathogenic organisms. Any cuts or lesions of the skin are possible sources of entry for bacteria and viruses so its care and hygiene are crucial for reducing your risk from acquiring an infection from a patient. Your hands are also the most likely way in which infections or microorganisms might be spread between patients, so simply washing your hands is the most effective method of preventing the transmission of infections.

Laundry

Place used linen in appropriate bags at the point of generation.

Separate clean from soiled linen and transport or store separately.

 Handle

all linen with minimum agitation to avoid aerosolisation of pathogenic microorganism. Wash used linen in hot water (70c80c) and detergent, rinse and dry preferably in dryer or under the sun. Autoclave linen before being supplied to the operating rooms/ theaters.

 Contain

linen soiled with body substances or other fluids within suitable impermeable bags and close bags securely to avoid any spills, drips of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions. Do not rinse or sort linen in patient care areas.

Beddings
Mattresses

and pillows with plastic covers should be wiped over with a neutral detergent.

 Mattresses

without plastic covers should be steam cleaned if they have contaminated with body fluids. Wash pillows either by using standard laundering procedures or dry clean if contaminated with fluids.

Environmental Cleanliness
Definite

cleaning schedule should be followed. A surface that is physically clean, smooth, intact, and dry is unlikely to represent an appreciable infection risk

Wet

surfaces and equipment are more likely to encourage the growth of microorganisms.

Environmental Cleanliness
If

disinfectants should be used, it should be accurately diluted and freshly prepared for each task and properly disposed. Cleaning equipment and cleaning solutions should be removed immediately after use.

Disinfectants like chlorine

releasing agents are not usually required and should be used only where there are predictable risks.

Dry Cleaning
Brooms

should not be used in patient treatment area for it disperses dust and bacteria. More suitable methods are the use of vacuum cleaner or dust attracting mops.

Wet Cleaning
Wet

mops and scrubbing machine clean and remove stain and scuff. and equipment should be in good condition, washed with soap and water, disinfected, and drained and store dry.

Mop

Spillage with blood and body fluids

Incase

of spillage, pour chlorine solution and let it stand for 15-30 minutes then pick it up with the use of absorbent paper and dust pan.

 Do

not recap, bend, break or hand manipulate used needles. If recapping use a one hand scoop technique. Place sharps in puncture resistant container.

Occupational Health and Safety

1. Dispose used syringes with the needle directly into designated puncture-resistant container in your area of work. Place the syringe in the container sharp end first. No need to separate from the syringe.

2. Keep the sharp end of the needle facing away from you at all times.

3. Do not attempt to recap the needle.

4. Do not attempt to break, bend or otherwise try to render the syringe useless.

5. Do not walk with the needle/ syringe in your hand. Directly dispose into a needle container or on a tray.

6. NEVER leave sharps on the bed of patients.

7. NEVER stick syringes with needle into matresses.

8. NEVER throw syringes with needle into trash bags.

9. NEVER place syringes with needle in your pockets.

Wash

hands Prepare materials needed Identify patient by name Introduce self to patient

Explain

nature of procedure Wear clean non-sterile gloves Select and position the venipuncture site

Swab

venipuncture site with 70% alcohol in concentric circles from inside to outside. Apply tourniquet correctly Stabilize vein

Insert

needle with bevel up Release tourniquet Attach infusion set quickly Tape needle securely

Loop

tubing and secure with

tape Apply splint Instruct patient on care of IV site

Smile

and assure patient Discard sharps properly Remove gloves and wash hands