Rizals Family

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The Mercados began in Manila but by the 19th Century, they were firmly rooted in Southern Tagalog Rizals grandfather was a landowner of Binan, three times the capitan municipal and was addressed as gobernadorcillo. Juan Mercado and his wife Cirila Alejandra had 13 children, the 13th being Francisco, Rizals father, one of eight boys

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 When

Juan Mercado died, the siblings divided the estate among themselves, Francisco transferred to Calamba and tried his luck with the Dominican frontier Francisco was eight when his father died, his mother and his eldest sister, Potenciana, looked after him, he studied in a Latin school in Binan and went to Manila to study at Colegio de San Jose

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 After

schooling, Francisco moved to Calamba to join his sister, Petrona who was making a living selling dresses and dress materials. When his mother died, his sister Potenciana joined them Francisco applied for a land grant from the Dominicans who were the landlords of the Calamba area; when he proved to be as good as a producer as his father, he was rewarded with further allotments of land

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 When

other pioneers died/discouraged from tending to frontier lands, Francisco bought their holdings rather than letting the holdings become abandoned Francisco married Teodora Alonso when his sister, Potenciana died; Francisco was 30, Alonso was 20. Alonso was not from Calamba but rather, from Manila

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 Teodora

Alonso had roots in several provinces: Her great grandmother Regina Ursua was the Toast of Cavite and the Sampaguita of the Parian misture of Tagalog, Spanish and Chinese Atty. Manuel Facundo de Quintos from Pangasinan became her husband, settled in San Pedro, Makati

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 Their

son Joaquin became a lawyer and activist who was not afraid to denounce the injustices of his day; His sister, Brigida married an engineer, Lorenzo Alberto Alonso of Binan. Alonsos were as prominent in Binan as the Mercados and much wealthier; Lorenzo Alberto becamse a municipal captain as was his father

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 Alonsos

were aristocrats:

Captain Municipal Cipriano Alonso Philippine deupty in the Spanish Cortes Don Jose Florentino Knight of the Grand Order of Isabel la Catolica and Knight of the Order of Carlos III, engineer Jose Alberto

Other prominent kin included Father Almeida of the Santa Cruz parish and Father Agustin Mendez (deported because of Cavite Mutiny)

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 Lorenzo

Alberto and Brigida had five children: three boys and two girls Teodora Alonso was baptized at the Santa Cruz Church on November 18,1827, was schooled at the Colegio de Santa Rosa in Intramuros (fine command of Spanish). When Brigida became widowed, she went to live in Calamba property willed to her by her husband, it was there were Francisco Mercado wooed and won her
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 The

marriage of Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso was held on June 28, 1848 Physical description of Francisco Mercado: Tall and Robust, fair of skin and gentlelooking; Teodora Alonso:slim and trim, pretty face and gracefulness 1849, the Claveria dictum came, decreeing new surnames for the citizenry. Each province was given a set of surnames from which each family will choose a new family name
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 Mercados

did not find any name in the list which fancied them and instead went for the unlisted name Rizal; they continued to use Mercado even if the name Rizal was already granted to them The Alonsos of Binan adopted the name Realonda but continued to use Alonso; Each family ended up with four surnames Jose Protacio Alonso Realonda Mercado Rizal

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 By

1860, Mercados became one of the richest tenant couples of the Calamba hacienda the first to own a piano, the first to keep stables and a carraige, the first to have a home library In 1860, they became the first to build a stone house in the heart of the town, side by side with church, directly across plaza and directly facing the headquarters of the Guardia Civil

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 Francisco

Mercado had multiple farms to manage (rice, corn, sugar) while his wife had multiple enterprises to manage: a flour mill, a dye factory, a drugstore and a bazaar Don Francisco: grave and taciturn, silent type almost melancholic, strict, stern kept to himself Dona Teodora: lively and loved conversation, strict, to a certain extent, meddlesome

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Rizal Brood
Eleven

children, eldest Saturning, youngest Soledad spanning a total of 20 years Saturnina would marry Batangueno Manuel Hidalgo (five children) Hidalgo would later be deported to Bohol for being an in-law of Rizal (1850-1913) Paciano (2nd) left academe to become his fathers farm assistant like Don Francisco, he was austere, laconic, a bit bowlegged and tall (1851-1930), became a general in Phil. Revolution
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 Narcisa

(3rd) married Antonio Lopez of Morong, a musician and educator. Lived up to the age of 85. Founded Rizal-Lopez line of scholars (1852-1939) Olimpia (4th) married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila and bore him three children (1855-1887) Lucia (5th) married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba. When Herbosa died of cholera, he was denied a church funerla because he was Rizals brother in law (1857-1919)
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 Maria

(6th) married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, died at the age of 85 (1859-1945) Concepcion (8th) died at the age of three; Rizal was grief-stricken with her death, she was his first playmate (1862-1865) Josefa (9th) and Trinidad (10th) were spinsters of the family and its last remnants. They lived together in Manila until the death of Josefa in 1945 at age 80, Trinidad died May 1951 (Josefa 1865-1945) (Trinidad, 1868-1951)
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 Soledad

(11th) was the youngest and married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba (5 Children) (1870-1929)

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 Jose

Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 between eleven oclock and midnight Jose Rizal was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes, who also baptized the previous Mercado kids Fr. Collantes remarked at how big the head of Rizal is it could mean that he is to be a great man someday Godfather at baptism was Fr. Pedro Casanas Nanny was Aquilina Alquitran introduced Pepe to folktales
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Important Authority Figures in Rizals Life

Paciano

Mercado

The Elder Paciano sacrificed himself for the sake of the younger Jose Did not finish school, did not marry in order to take care of the Mercado family and free Jose for nationalist activism Paciano financed Rizals schooling in Europe, they did not inform their parents, especially Teodora Alonso who feared that Spaniards might kill Jose if he knew too much It is argued that if not for Pacianos backing, Rizal might not have reached many of his achievements
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 Paciano

and Jose fulfilled each other: Paciano supplied what the young Rizal lacked: selfesteem, self confidence and being venturesome Rizal the propagandist accomplished the labor that Paciano failed to do when Fr. Burgos, Pacianos mentor was executed. Paciano by joining the Katipunan accomplished what Rizal failed to do Rizal completed Pacianos life by doing the things Paciano wanted to do: studying abroad, writing propaganda materials,
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 Jose

Alonso (Tio Jose)

Developed Rizals passion for books and the urge to write Being European schooled, he aroused Rizals imagination about Europe and stoke desire to go there Spoke three languages: French, English German

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 Tio

Gregorio

Spotted Rizals artistic talent (Rizal was already doing shadow plays and marionette theatre for local audience at a young age) Became Rizals first art instructor, instructed Rizal to observe the real: observe keenly and faithfully record what he saw (became manifested later on the two novels and shaped Rizals social commentary for the rest of his life

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 Tio

Manuel

Served as Rizals physical education instructor Perceived that Rizals inferiority complex in his youth was on his physical stature Tio Manuel decreed regular hours of exercise daily for Rizal He became less sickly but more important benefit was that he did not have to resign himself to be a weakling

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