SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES

PLANT SURVIVAL

Ensure the survival of their species by dispersing their seeds and fruits

Plant
The seeds and fruits must be dispersed to ensure that the young plants will be able to grow healthily and then produce new plants

Dispersal agents

animals

wind

Explosive mechanism

water

Different dispersal agents

By explosive mechanism

Balsam Plant

By wind

Shorea

Lallang

By animals

Tomatoes

Mangoes

By water

Coconut

Lotus

Characteristics of Seeds or fruits

Wind Light, small, have wing-like structures and fine hair.

Wing-like structure

Fine hair

 Animals Fleshly, brightly coloured, hard seeds,

edible, have fragrance and hooks.
Brightly coloured
Have fragrance

Edible

Hard seeds Fleshly

 Explosive Mechanism - Dry skin when ripe.

Dry skin when ripe

 By water Have air space, waxy skin, and husk.

Husk Have air space

Waxy skin

Importance of survival
All living things depend on each other. If plants or animals cannot survive in their habitat, they will face extinction. If some plants and animals become extinct, there will be shortage of food. So, if plants become extinct, some animal also cannot survive and become extinct. Humans also depend on plants and animals for food resourses. Humans cannot live without them. Some factors that cause the extinction of animals and plants are: a. deforestation b. Pollution c. Natural disasters d. illegal hunting

Food Chain and Food Web

Who eats who?

Living things

Needs food to stay alive

Plants

Animals

Cannot make their own food Get their food from plants or other animals

Can make their own food

Known as consumers Classified into three groups according to the food they eat
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

The main source of food for some animals Known as producers

Eat plants only

Eat other animals

Eat plants and other animals

The food relationship between living things can be shown by a food chain. A food chain always starts with green plants. An arrow in a food chains means is eaten by. Different habitats have diffrerent food chains. The following shows an example of a food chain.

a) The deer eats the leaves of chilly plant. b) The tiger eats the deer.

The stages of Food Chain

Plants
Primer
Herbivore
Such as Grasshopper

Skunder Tertier

Carnivore
Carnivore

Such as

Frog Snake

Such as

Food Web
Animals

Eat more than one type of food

Can belong to more than one food chain

Many food chains can be linked to form a food web

a) b) c) d)

Paddy plant Paddy Plant Paddy plant Paddy plant

Caterpillar Chicken Sparrow Caterpillar

Chicken Snake Snake Sparrow

Snake

Snake

Example of Food Web