Storage Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage medium is physical material used for

storage Also called secondary storage

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time.

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Memory usually refers to a form of semiconductor storage known as random access memory (RAM) and sometimes other forms of fast but temporary storage. Similarly, storage today more commonly refers to mass storage optical discs, forms of magnetic storage like hard disks, and other types slower than RAM, but of a more permanent nature. Historically, memory and storage were respectively called primary storage and secondary storage.

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Hierarchy of storage Various forms of storage, divided according to their distance from the central processing unit Primary storage Secondary storage

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Primary storage Presently known as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Primary storage, also known as main storage or memory, is the main area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor.

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

On today's smaller computers, especially personal computers and workstations, the term random access memory (RAM) or just memory is used instead of primary or main storage Registers ,cache memory and RAM these are the primary storage

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Secondary storage Secondary storage, sometimes called auxiliary storage, is all data storage that is not currently in a computer's primary storage or memory. An additional synonym is external storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered downit is non-volatile In a personal computer, secondary storage typically consists of storage on the hard disk and on any removable media, if present, such as a CD or DVD.
Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB), floppy disks , magnetic tape, paper tape, punch cards and Zip drives

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Storage Device Storage device performs these functions Reading Process of transferring items from storage media to memory Writing Process of transferring items from memory to storage media

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Reading
Process of transferring items from storage media to memory

Hardware that records and retrieves items to and from storage media

Writing
Process of transferring items from memory to storage media

Functions as source of input

Creates output

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Access time Time it takes storage device to locate item on storage medium Time required to deliver item from memory to processor

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Categories of storage There are three categories Magnetic storage Optical storage Solid state storage

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing

Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetization on a magnetically coated surface to store information. Magnetic storage is nonvolatile. The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads which may contain one or more recording transducers. A read/write head only covers a part of the surface so that the head or medium or both must be moved relative to another in order to access data. In modern computers, magnetic storage will take these forms: Floppy disk Hard disk Magnetic tape data storage,

Engr:Sajida Introduction to computing