Types of Government

By: Nabaz Shwany

Romeo Ainab
School of Law, Government & International Studies Department of Public Management Class of Politics and Administration University of Utara Malaysia March 12, 2012

Outline
Autocracy Oligarchy Aristocracy Whats democracy Democracy Dictatorship Examples of Dictatorship Monarchy Types of Monarchy Theocracy Conclusion Questions

Autocracy

Autocracy
The most traditional and common form of government The power is concentrated in the hand of one person who has absolute power over the government and people Do not allow the existence of any opposition parties Examples are Belarus, Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Libya under Qazafi.

Autocracy

Oligarchy

Oligarchy
Means the rule by few It s a form of government by which power is concentrated in the hand of a small group The rulers could be royal family, religious groups, certain races Examples can be seen in Athens at the fourth Century BC. Also in south Africa until the end of the former apartheid regime

Oligarchy

Aristocracy

Aristocracy
Aristocracy: The power is concentrated in the hand of the social class, elites, intellectuals Plato portrayed that aristocracy is the government by the best Privileged by birth and wealth Examples are Roman Empire, Burundi, Rwanda, India, the USA!

Aristocracy

Democracy

What's Democracy

Democracy: democracy is the government by the people for the people (Acemoglu & Robinson,) a method of group decision making characterized by a kind of equality among the participants at an essential stage of the collective decision making (Stanford University, 2006) Three types of democracy includes direct, representative and deliberative democracy

Democracy
Public Participation: people are freely & fairly participate in election and decision making process Representation: people votes for their representative and they will represent the whole population The power of President is restrained by law and constitution The division of power (Three Branches of the Government: Judiciary, Legislative and Executive) Political Pluralism: Two parties system, Multi-party System Human rights protection Minority rights is considered

Democracy
Individual liberty Free press Freedom of association Free Market Economy Equality and fairness Strong rule of law

Democracy
Rule of Law

Free Market

Two Party System

Dictatorship

Dictatorship
Government is a leviathan and has absolute power

Types of Dictatorship:
1- Fascism: extreme form of dictatorship concentrates on race (Nazi) 2- Authoritarian: Police states that oppress mass (Syria, tuekey, UAE) 3- Totalitarian: Government based Ideology (China, Vietnam)

None public participation: people can not participate in election or decision making process Fake election and mobilizing people (Example: Egypt, Syria and Iraq under Saddam Hussein) The government rules by few people whether they are family, tribe, or Military groups

Dictatorship
Or there is one party system (Example: China, North Korea) Subgroup preference Some of the dictators come to power through Military coup Military rule (Burma) The government controls the resources and economy (North Korea) Majoritarian dominance of power The minority groups are endanger and their rights abolished by majority (ex: Kurds in turkey, Dark Africans in Darfur) Individual liberty and freedom speech is violated Market is monopolized The rule of law is so weak and it functions upon the interest of the regime

Examples of Dictatorship
Halabja Genocide Darfur Genocide

Myanmar Military Rule

Monarchy
Power belongs to one individual It can be a king, an emperor or a dictator There are four models of monocracies

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Monarchies Theocracies Popular Cesarism Dictatorship

Types of Monarchy
Types of Monarchy:
Absolute monarchies: monarchies:
Based on divine power Run by an individual (who concentrates all powers) Hereditary transmission of power

Limited monarchies: monarchies:

Mixed exercise of power Allows some separation of powers Example: Constitutional Monarchies

Theocracy
Theo God Cracy right derived from Ancient Greek .. Devine rule of God! The country is based on the Religion and holy books Leaders are recognized as religious people and uses religion to justify and impose their power Examples: Vatican, Islamic Republic of Iran

Conclusion
Autocracy: Rule by one Oligarchy: Ruled by few Aristocracy: ruled by social, economic and educational class Democracy: rule of people, everyones voice heard by the governmnet Dictatorship: The dictators abuse power and violate the rights of their citizens Monarchy: the power is inherited Theocracy: Power by God, religion is basic for government constitution

Bibliography
Olson, M. (1993). Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 87, No. 3 (Sep., 1993), pp. 567-576. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2938736 Rose (2012) Types of Government. Retrieved March 11, 2012, from http://athena7.com/types_of_governments.htm Shwany, N. 2009, The Principles of Democratic and Non-democratic Government. Retrieved from http://www.kurdishaspect.com/doc111809NS.html Acemoglu & Robinson (2003). Political Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Department of Political Science and Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/14.773/www/Chapter%2011.pdf Library of Alexandria (September 15, 2004). Aristocracy. Retrieved March 10,2012 from http://www.halexandria.org/dward339.htm